我国典型城市大气汞污染及对人体健康的影响

汞(Hg)是唯一以气态形式存在于大气环境中的有毒重金属污染物,对人体健康和生态系统具有多方面的潜在危害。本文首先描述了我国长春、兰州、北京、上海、武汉、广州、贵阳和重庆等一些典型城市的大气Hg时空分布特征、浓度水平以及季节变化规律;之后,就我国大气Hg的主要污染源进行了分析,指出:煤燃烧是我国大气Hg最主要的污染源,有色金属熔炼以及水泥和钢铁的生产也是重要的污染源;最后,通过分析大气Hg直接和间接暴露途径,阐述了大气Hg对人体的心血管和生殖系统等以及通过水生或陆生食物链的蓄积和放大作用对人体健康可能产生的不良影响。

Atmospheric Mercury Pollution in Typical Cities of China and Its Influences on Human Health

Mercury was regarded as the only heavy metal pollutant occurring in the atmospheric environment by way of the gas phase, and had multiple potential risks to human health and ecosystems. In this review, it firstly described different spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric mercury in some typical cities of China, such as Changchun, Lanzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Guiyang and Chongqing. After the main pollution sources of atmospheric mercury in typical cities of China were analyzed, it pointed out that coal combustion is the most main pollution source of atmospheric mercury in China, and non-ferrous metal smelting and production of cements and irons/steels are the important major sources of atmospheric mercury in China. At last, possible adverse influences of atmospheric mercury on human cardiovascular and reproductive systems and by accumulating and amplifying atmospheric mercury in aquatic or terrestrial food chains were expounded on the basis of analyzing direct and indirect exposure pathways of atmospheric mercury.