中国表层水体沉积物中多环芳烃源解析及评价

采用索氏提取气相色谱-质谱法测定中国6个重点水体表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃的含量。各化合物含量范围分别为长江6.20~163 ng/g、淮河7.90~249 ng/g、海河12.1~401 ng/g、松花江5.75~152 ng/g、太湖29.1~2 810 ng/g和滇池19.1~795ng/g；16种多环芳烃的总量分别为：长江1 147 ng/g、淮河1 723 ng/g、海河2 595 ng/g、松花江793 ng/g、太湖12472 ng/g、滇池3 714 ng/g，属中等污染水平。利用特征分子比值法分析结果表明6条水体表层沉积物中PAHs均可能以燃料（包括柴油、汽油、煤、木材）燃烧以及焦化污染为主。淮河和滇池还可能存在轻微石油泄漏污染。利用沉积物质量基准法（SQGs）和沉积物质量标准法分别对6条水体表层沉积物中多环芳烃的风险评估表明严重的多环芳烃生态风险在这些水体表层沉积物中不存在，但长江、淮河、松花江、海河均可能存在一定的潜在风险，负面生物毒性效应会偶尔发生，风险主要来源于荧蒽和菲。太湖和滇池水体中存在的潜在多环芳烃风险种类较多，风险主要来源于菲、荧蒽、芘、苯并（a）蒽、苊和蒽，对水生生物毒性效应较高，有必要进行更深入细致的调查研究高风险区域底栖生物的受损状况、污染来源和途径，以制定合理的污染控制对策。

Source and Risk Assessment of PAHs in Surface Sediments from Rivers and Lakes of China

16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediment samples from six main rivers and lakes of China were analyzed by GC/MS. The concentrations of every compound of 16 PAHs in Changjiang River, Huaihe River, Huaihe River, Songhuajiang River, Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake were varied in the range of 6.20-163 ng/g, 7.90-249 ng/g, 12.1-401 ng/g, 5.75-152 ng/g, 29.1-2 810 ng/g and 19.1-795 ng/g respectively. The contamination levels were from low to medium. The analysis results indicated that fuel combustion, which included diesel, gasoline, coal, wood, were the major sources of PAHs in the sediment of these rivers and lakes. Light leakage of petroleum fuel might existed in Huaihe River and Dianchi Lake. Ecological risk probability of PAHs in the surface sediments from the 6 rivers and lakes were assessed with the methods of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and sediment quality standards (SQSs). The results showed that the concentration levels of PAHs in the studied areas had not caused the marked negative influence on organism. But potential risk might existed in Changjiang River, Huaihe River, Huaihe River and Songhuajiang River, and the adverse biological toxicity effect might occasionally occur in these areas. The main causes were from fluoranthene and phenanthrene. Several kinds of PAHs had potential risks in Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake. The main causes were from phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthene, acenaphthene and anthracene. Higher risk of adverse biological toxicity effect might happen in these areas. The deep and detailed research was suggested in the future mainly focusing on the status of benthos, sources of pollutants and ways to control pollution in high risk areas.