黄河三角洲地区农业环境现状与污染防治措施

在黄河三角洲地区,近几年来,农业生产得到快速发展,农用薄膜、化肥和农药的使用量也逐年增加,由于人们环保意识薄弱,致使农业环境受到污染.农田连续覆膜十年以上,土壤中农膜残留量可达55～60kg/hm2;果园和蔬菜保护地栽培连续五年以上的地块,土壤中有机磷农药检出率高达80%以上;化肥用量连续五年达到每年1500～2000kg/hm2的农田,土壤有机质下降0.18～0.23%,团粒结构减少4.1～5.3%,总孔隙度减少11.4～13.8%,土壤的理化性能严重下降.通过对农业环境主要污染因素和污染现状分析,采取相应的防治措施,对保护农业环境,促进农业和农村经济的可持续发展有十分重要的意义.

Present Condition of Agricultural Environment in the Yellow River Delta Region and Measures for Pollution Control

In recent years, agricultural production is developing rapidly in the Yellow River Delta region and the use of agrifilm, chemical fertilizers and pesticide is increasing year by year, which has resulted in the agricultural environment pollution. While farmland is covered with film for over ten years, the residual film in soil is 55 - 60kg/hm^2 ; for orchard and vegetable garden where plants are cultivated over successive five years, the detected rate of organophosphorus pesticides in soil is up to 80% ; as for farmland where fertilizer dosage applied is 1500 - 2000kg//hm^2 per year for five years in succession, the organic substances decrease 0.18% - 5.3%, crumb structure reduces by 4.1% - 5.3%, total porosity reduces by 11.4 - 13.8, and there is a marked degradation in physical - chemical properties of soil. Basing on the analysis of main pollution factors and current situation, this paper proposes corresponding control measures, which is of great importance for protecting agricultural environment and promoting sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy.