石化企业平面布局安全设计中事故场景的选择研究

基于安全性能思想的设计方法是石化行业平面布局安全设计的一个重要发展方向,文章对这种设计方法中目前存在的主要不确定因素——事故场景的选择问题进行了研究。对《石油化工企业设计防火规范》等指令性规范中各级别平面布局安全设计的依据进行了统计分析,给出了各级别布局设计中主要的安全考虑和大致的安全间距范围,并对目前安全考虑中存在的模糊性进行了分析,给出了导致其存在的原因主要为＂事故场景考虑不同＂和＂‘相互影响’的含义不同＂;由此,结合事故伤害理论,对石化行业常见的9种19类常见事故场景的后果分析估算,得到了各事故场景对目标设施造成不同程度＂影响＂的范围,并以之为依据,分析给出了各级别布局安全设计中适合考虑的事故场景及适当的安全设计目标。

Choosing accident scenario for safety design of petrochemical plant layout

In recent years,safety performance-based method attracts people＇s attention for safety design of petrochemical plant layout because of its specificity of design objective and flexibility of design process,but there are still many detail techniques must be conquered before its application.The main uncertain factor,accident scenario choosing,was studied in this paper.Firstly,some indicated rules,e.g.Criterion of Fireproof Design of Petroleum Chemical Industry（GB 50160-2008）,were analyzed to conclude safety considerations and safety distance range for the three levels of plant layout design,and ＂different choice of accident scenario＂ and ＂different understanding of accident harm＂ were thought as two main reasons of the safety considerations＇ uncertainty.Then,combining with accident harm theory,19 kinds of accident scenarios were computed to get their consequence scales,which were subsequently taken as accordance to decide the suitable safety performance targets,which were demonstrated as ＂suitable accident scenarios ＋ acceptance damage level＂,for the three different levels of plant layout design.