Degradation and re-emergence of the commons: The impacts of government policies on traditional resource management institutions in China |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;2. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP), Switzerland;3. Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1480, United States;1. Geological Survey of Spain – IGME, C/ Manuel Lasala 44 9°B, Zaragoza 50006, Spain;2. Federal University of Paraíba – UFPB, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-970, Brazil;3. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral – ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias de la Tierra, FICT. Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador;1. Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;2. Materials System Engineering, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;1. Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway;2. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;3. Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;1. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland;2. Innovative Fisheries Management – An Aalborg University Research Centre, Skibbrogade 5, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;3. Section for Marine Living Resources, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | In the vast majority of cases studied to date, rapid changes in indigenous resource management institutions and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) have been reported with profound implications for indigenous livelihoods, biodiversity, and system resilience worldwide. In this case study, we examined how policy changes in China over the past 60 years have influenced indigenous resource management institutions designed to manage common pool pastoral systems in eastern Inner Mongolia. Based on semi-structured interviews (n = 91), focus group discussions (64 participants involved), and participant observation, we found that for over half a century rescaling efforts by the Chinese government shifted the focus to national level development planning, which led to the degradation of indigenous institutions that managed common pool pastoral systems in the region. However, we also highlight how local actors have used recent changes in government policies to revitalize traditional herding institutions. This provides a rare glimpse at the re-emergence of the commons from the bottom up. |
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| Keywords: | Traditional resource management institutions Re-emergence of the commons Cooperative organization Government policy Inner Mongolia China |
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