精炼铜行业的生命周期节能减排目标评价

按照生命周期评价方法,建立了精炼铜的生命周期模型,采用生命周期节能减排评价指标(ECER),对比评价了原生铜和再生铜生产的生命周期节能减排效果,计算了改变再生铜市场份额所能带来的节能减排削减幅度,并与精炼铜行业实现节能减排政策目标所需的综合削减幅度进行了对比.结果表明,再生铜比原生铜的ECER指标小62.5％,因此废铜的再生循环明显有利于节能减排政策目标的实现.但是,当再生铜市场份额由2010年的38.5％提升至《有色金属“十二五”发展规划》中要求的40％时,其综合削减幅度仅为13％,远未达到铜冶炼行业的目标综合削减幅度27.8％.因此,精炼铜行业不仅需要更大幅度地提高铜再生比例,同时还需要采用更多清洁技术和改进措施.本文方法可用于计算各种行业的节能减排目标综合削减幅度,从而帮助判断各种改进方案和措施是否足以达到节能减排宏观政策目标的要求.

Life Cycle Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Targets Assessment of Refined Copper Industry

Life cycle model of refined copper was developed and analyzed in terms of life cycle Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction indicator (ECER). The life cycle energy conservation and emission reduction performance of primary copper and that of secondary copper was compared. Moreover, when the market shares of primary and secondary copper change, overall ECER reduction of refined copper industry was calculated and compared with national political targets. The results showed that the ECER of secondary copper is 62.5% less than that of primary copper, which confirms that copper recycling is an effective way for energy conservation and emission reduction. However, by changing the market share of secondary copper from 38.5% in 2010 to 40% in 2015 as suggested in "twelfth five-year" plan of non-ferrous metals industry, the overall reduction of ECER of refined copper industry was only 1.3%, which is far from 27.8% as prescribed by the national political targets. Therefore, the market share of secondary copper should be raised as much as possible, meanwhile cleaner technologies and means are needed urgently. The method proposed in this paper could be applied to calculate the ECER reduction of other industries too, which could help to estimate whether various technologies or schemes are adequate to reach the national targets.