稀土纳米抗菌材料卫生安全性的研究初探

稀土纳米材料集稀土特性和纳米特性于一体 ,大大提高了纳米材料的抗菌和空气净化效果 ,因此 ,稀土纳米材料及其应用已成为当前的一个热点 ,但其卫生安全性还未引起人们的足够重视。因此 ,笔者概要地介绍了纳米抗菌材料的基本性质 ;回顾了国内外纳米抗菌材料卫生安全性的研究现状 ;并进行了初步的动物红细胞脆性试验。试验结果发现豚鼠接触该类稀土纳米材料后 ,红细胞的脆性与对照组相比降低明显 ,提示过量的使用稀土纳米材料会对机体产生不良的影响。笔者最终提出了可能存在的作用机理 ,即纳米材料粒径很小 (0 .1～ 10 0 .0nm) ,具有独特的小尺寸效应和表面效应 ,极大的比表面积使得纳米材料吸附能力很强。稀土离子以纳米级的金属氧化物作为载体 ,更易被绑定并穿过细胞膜 ,从而对红细胞的脆性造成了很强的破坏 ,故脆性值较正常对照组显著增加。

Preliminary Study on Health and Safety of Rare Earth Anti-bacterial Nano Materials

Since rare earth anti-bacterial nano materials have the properties of both rare earth material and nano material, its antibacterial and air-clearing effect is greatly improved. Now its application has become a hot topic, but its health and safety have not attracted the full attention of people. Here the properties of rare earth anti-bacterial nano materials are briefly introduced, and the progress of research is reviewed. By the erythrocyte brittleness experiment, health and safety of rare earth antibacterial nano-materials are studied preliminarily. Result shows that after the use of rare earth anti-bacterial nano materials, the erythrocyte brittleness of cavies is lowered indicating adverse effect would result after excessive use.