中美煤矿安全比较与借鉴

中国和美国都是煤炭生产和消费大国,但是中国的煤矿安全却与美国存在巨大差距。笔者首先从两国历年来煤矿安全数据分析入手,认为:美国煤矿安全经历了严重恶化、小幅波动和安全稳定3个阶段;而中国的煤矿经历了改革开放前大起大落和其后的小幅波动两个阶段,迄今为止,还没有进入安全稳定时期。然后从法规、监察、采矿权、安全投入、矿工及工会、教育及培训、科技进步等7个方面对两国的煤矿安全进行了比较。最后,借鉴美国进入第3阶段的成功经验,提出一些改善中国煤矿安全的相应对策建议,如完善法规、加强监管、明晰采矿权、设立安全投入预算资金、改善矿工的弱势地位、加强教育与培训、依靠科技进步等。

Comparison of Coal Mine Safety between China and the US

China and the US both are big country of coal production and consumption,but as for coal safety,China lags far behind the US.After reviewing and analyzing the safety data in coal mines of both countries,it is considered that the US history of coal mine safety has undergone three periods i.e.serious worsening,moderate fluctuation and steady safety.However,coal mines in China have only undergone through two periods i.e.vigorous fluctuation before reform and opening,followed by moderate fluctuation period;up to now still have not entered into steady period.Following aspects of coal mine safety between two countries are compared including legislation,safety inspection,mining authorization, safety input,miners and trade union,education and training,technological advancement.Referring to the successful experience in the US,relevant countermeasures for improving the coal mine safety in China are suggested such as to perfect relevant legislation,to strengthen safety inspection,to clarify mining authorization,to set budget of safety input,to improve the disadvantageous status of miners,to reinforce safety education and training,to promote the reliability on science and technology.