环境内分泌干扰物对鱼类性别分化的影响

鱼类性别分化是在性别决定机制的控制下,鱼类未分化的性腺向卵巢或精巢发育,并出现第2性征的过程,受自身内分泌系统的精确调控。环境内分泌干扰物能通过干扰内源激素的合成、释放、转运、代谢、结合和作用等过程影响鱼类的内分泌机能,从而对鱼类的性别分化产生影响。介绍了鱼类性别分化的模式和过程以及内分泌系统对鱼类性别分化的调控作用,综述了环境内分泌干扰物对鱼类性别比例、配子发生、性腺发育和第2性征的影响,从性类固醇激素的合成以及性别分化相关基因的表达两个方面探讨了环境内分泌干扰物影响鱼类性别分化的作用机制,并展望了该领域未来的研究方向。

Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Sex Differentiation in Fish

Sex differentiation in fish refers to the development of testes or ovaries from undifferentiated gonads and the expression of male or female secondary sex characteristics under the control of sex determination mechanisms, regulated by the endocrine system. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interfere with the production, release, transport, metabolism, binding, action of natural hormones, have potential to disrupt the process of sex differentiation in fish. In this review, the patterns, process and endocrine regulation of sex differentiation in fish were introduced, and adverse effects of EDCs on some events related to sex differentiation in fish were reviewed, including sex ratios, gametogenesis, gonadal development and secondary sex characteristics expression. The potential mechanisms of fish sex differentiation were discussed by synthesis of sex steroid and the expression of genes relating sex differentiation. Finally, future prospects of this field were provided in this paper.