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Reduced light avoidance in spiders from populations in light-polluted urban environments
Authors:Czaczkes  Tomer J  Bastidas-Urrutia  Ana Mar&#;a  Ghislandi  Paolo  Tuni  Cristina
Institution:1.UNIARQ–Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
;2.Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal
;3.ICArEHB, Faculdade das Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
;4.Junta de Extremadura, Extremadura, Spain
;5.Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
;6.Laboratório de Préhistória, CIAS–Centro de Investigação em Antropologia e Saúde, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
;7.Município de Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal
;8.Município de Palmela, Palmela, Portugal
;9.CE3C–Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
;
Abstract:

New finds of bones of the Egyptian Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon), one from Portugal and one from Spain, were directly 14C dated to the first century AD. While the Portuguese specimen was found without connection to the Chalcolithic occupation of the Pedra Furada cave where it was recovered, the Spanish find, collected in the city of Mérida, comes from a ritual pit that also contained three human and 40 dog burials. The finds reported here show that the Egyptian mongoose, contrary to the traditional and predominant view, did not first arrive in the Iberian Peninsula during the Muslim occupation of Iberia. Instead, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the species was first introduced by the Romans, or at least sometime during the Roman occupation of Hispania. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of new archaeological finds of bones of the Egyptian Mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in the Iberian Peninsula push back the confirmed presence of the species in the region by approximately eight centuries, as the previously oldest dated record is from the ninth century. With these new dates, there are now a total of four 14C dated specimens of Egyptian mongooses from the Iberian Peninsula, and all of these dates fall within the last 2000 years. This offers support for the hypothesis that the presence of the species in Iberia is due to historical introductions and is at odds with a scenario of natural sweepstake dispersal across the Straits of Gibraltar in the Late Pleistocene (126,000–11,700 years ago), recently proposed based on genetic data.

Keywords:
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