企业安全生产行为路径管理探讨

企业生产事故的发生大部分是由于人的不安全行为造成的,而人的不安全行为基本上是由于人的不良习惯所引起,因此养成良好的作业习惯,是降低企业生产事故率的决定因素。为了从理论上阐明人的习惯养成规律,笔者首次提出了应用于企业安全生产管理的习惯养成理论——行为路径管理体系：即首先设定一个清晰的行为路径,通过学习或培训并进行反复实践以及过程纠偏的一系列管理活动,最终达到习惯养成的目的。在企业应用行为路径管理体系的过程中,设定作业路径必须达到四个要求：精细化、程序化、标准化以及在实施过程中的不断优化;在培训阶段,必须使被培训者充分掌握设定的作业路径;在过程纠偏阶段,必须把握好代价原则;在实践阶段,必须有一定的时间保障和激励措施。

Approach a subject of behaviour path management

Accidents in production of enterprises mainly result from human improper behaviours,which mostly are out of poor habits.Therefore,the development of standard operation behaviour is the key reduce and aviod accidents.In order to give a theoretical explanation,behaviour path management,namely,the development of production habits,was put forward and applied for the first time in safe production management of enterprises.According to the theory,first,a clear behaviour path was designed,and then a series of activities were organized for the teaching,training and guidance of the behaviour path development.Meanwhile,the improper or dangerous behaviours were changed with the aim to develop a set of safe production behaviour habits.In the application of the behaviour management in enterprises,four requirements for the system were to be met： detailed,programmed,standardized and constant optimized.At the stage of training,the trainees were required to fully master the designed operation behaviour path.At the habit changing stage,the cost principle should be properly applied and at the practice stage,sufficient time and impetus measures must be provided.