Analysis and performance of oil well cement with 30 years of CO2 exposure from the SACROC Unit,West Texas,USA |
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| Institution: | 1. Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA;1. Schlumberger Doll Research, One Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;2. CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Melbourne, Australia;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;4. Etudes et Productions Schlumberger, Clamart, France;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, United States;2. Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States;3. National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236-0940, United States;1. GEUS - Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Ø. Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark;2. SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Richard Birkelands vei 2 B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway;3. SINTEF Petroleum Research, S. P. Andersens vei 15 B, 7031 Trondheim, Norway;1. Laboratório de Cimentos, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil;2. Petróleo Brasileiro S.A., Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro 20031-912, Brazil;1. Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 1002-14, Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0102, Japan;2. Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, 1-297 Kitabukuro-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, 330-8508 Japan;3. Japan CCS Co., Ltd., 1-7-12, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0008, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China;2. School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China;3. Zhanjiang Branch Company, CNOOC, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524057, China |
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| Abstract: | A core sample including casing, cement, and shale caprock was obtained from a 30-year old CO2-flooding operation at the SACROC Unit, located in West Texas. The core was investigated as part of a program to evaluate the integrity of Portland-cement based wellbore systems in CO2-sequestration environments. The recovered cement had air permeabilities in the tenth of a milliDarcy range and thus retained its capacity to prevent significant flow of CO2. There was evidence, however, for CO2 migration along both the casing–cement and cement–shale interfaces. A 0.1–0.3 cm thick carbonate precipitate occurs adjacent to the casing. The CO2 producing this deposit may have traveled up the casing wall or may have infiltrated through the casing threads or points of corrosion. The cement in contact with the shale (0.1–1 cm thick) was heavily carbonated to an assemblage of calcite, aragonite, vaterite, and amorphous alumino-silica residue and was transformed to a distinctive orange color. The CO2 causing this reaction originated by migration along the cement–shale interface where the presence of shale fragments (filter cake) may have provided a fluid pathway. The integrity of the casing–cement and cement–shale interfaces appears to be the most important issue in the performance of wellbore systems in a CO2 sequestration reservoir. |
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