三峡库区虫媒和自然疫源性疾病分析

为了解三峡库区人群近7年来主要虫媒和自然疫源性疾病的发病水平和流行趋势，在选出的15个三峡库区人群健康监测点，按照《三峡库区疾病监测方案》，每月收集传染病发病资料及鼠、蚊类等媒介生物监测资料。结合全国传染病疫情报告系统的有关发病资料，分别进行不同年份、不同地区和不同季节发病趋势的比较和影响因素分析。连续7年的监测结果显示，甲类传染病鼠疫未发生，流行性出血热、钩端螺旋体病、流行性乙型脑炎、疟疾等以病媒生物传播为主要传播途径的虫媒和自然疫源性疾病累计报告病例157例，其总体发病呈下降趋势。疟疾、出血热发病水平明显低于全国，而钩体病和乙脑发病水平则高于全国，除疟疾外的其余3种疾病均伴有小的发病高峰出现，但仍以散发为主。表明这些与环境变化关系较为密切的虫媒和自然疫源性疾病的发生，随着工程施工、移民新址建设和移民搬迁并未发生明显变化。但由于环境因素影响的长期性、复杂性，仍需长期连续地开展监测，密切关注发病趋势的变化。

TREND AND INFLUENCE FACTORS OF ZOONOSIS-BORNE DISEASES IN THE POPULATION OF THREE GORGES AREA

To understand the morbidity level and trend on zoonosis-borne diseases in the population in the Three Gorges Area, disease surveillance were surveyed from 1996 to the present in 15 surveillance points in the Three Gorges Area. A total of 157 cases of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever, Leptospirosis, Encephalitis B and Malaria were reported. No outbreaks of the four diseases occurred and no human plague cases were reported. The morbidity rate of Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever or Malaria was lower than the nationwide rate. But there was high level of morbidity on Leptospirosis or Encephalitis B. The descending trend of morbidity of the four diseases were observed from 1996 to 2002. The obvious changes of morbidity on vector-born diseases and zoonosis diseases have not been found during the project construction of the dam in Three Gorges Area.