Comparative toxicities of some insecticides to Chrysoperla carnea (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) and trichogramma brasiliensis (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera), two arthropod natural enemies of cotton pests |
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| Institution: | 1. Philip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, United States;2. Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ 08302, United States;3. Long Island Horticulture Research and Extension Center, Cornell University, Riverhead, NY 11901, United States;4. Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States;5. Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States;1. Institute of Regional Ecology, CONICET-National University of Tucumán, CC34, 4107 Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina;2. University of Puerto Rico, Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931, USA;1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2, West Yuan Ming Yuan Road, Beijing, 100193, China;2. Laboratory of Phytopathology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des déportés, 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium;1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China;2. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, China;1. Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China;2. Institute of the Control of Agrochemicals, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China;3. Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liége, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Relative toxicities of nine insecticides recommended for the control of cotton bollworms were tested against the larvae of Chrysoperla carnea Stephens and adults of Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead under laboratory conditions in the Punjab, India. The insecticide concentrations studied were equivalent to those prescribed for field application. When freshly emerged larvae of C. carnea were released on insecticide-treated food (eggs of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton) for 24 h, endosulfan, quinalphos, monocrotophos, phenthoate and fenitrothion caused 74–89% larval mortality over a 72-h period. Phosalone, carbaryl and cypermethrin were moderately toxic (34.1–38.1% mortality), while fenvalerate was the least toxic (19.2% mortality). The surviving larvae in all treatments successfully completed metamorphosis. When T. brasiliensis adults were released on treated host (C. cephalonica eggs), all these insecticides proved highly toxic (84–100% mortality in 24 h). Phosalone, monocrotophos and fenvalerate inhibited parasitism by 26–64%, but did not affect the emergence of parasitoid adults. The remaining six insecticides severely inhibited parasitism and emergence of parasitoid adults. Thus, phosalone and fenvalerate are relatively safe for the above-mentioned natural enemies and can provide selectivity in an integrated control programme for cotton bollworms. |
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