The Modelling of Turbulence from Traffic in Urban Dispersion Models — Part II: Evaluation Against Laboratory and Full-Scale Concentration Measurements in Street Canyons |
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Authors: | Kastner-Klein Petra Fedorovich Evgeni Ketzel Matthias Berkowicz Ruwim Britter Rex |
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Institution: | (1) School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 100 East Boyd Street, Norman, OK, 73019, U.S.A;(2) Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland;(3) Institute for Hydromechanics, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany;(4) Department of Atmospheric Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Roskilde, Denmark;(5) Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K |
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Abstract: | The paper addresses the problem of the parameterisation of traffic induced turbulent motion in urban dispersion models. Results from a variety of full-scale and wind-tunnel studies are analysed and interpreted within a modelling framework based on scaling considerations. The combined effects of traffic and wind induced dispersive motions are quantified for different traffic situations (variable traffic densities, vehicle velocities and vehicle types) and incorporated into the developed parameterisations. A new dispersive velocity scale is formulated and recommendations regarding its application in urban dispersion models are given. The necessity of accounting for traffic induced air motions in predictions of street-canyon pollution levels is demonstrated. Further research is needed to verify the empirical constants in the proposed parameterisations and to generalize the developed approach for a broader range of urban building configurations, meteorological conditions, and traffic situations. |
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Keywords: | street-canyon ventilation traffic pollution traffic-produced turbulence urban air quality modelling |
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