Power ultrasound in fatliquor preparation based on vegetable oil for leather application |
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| Institution: | 1. Chemical Engineering Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India;2. Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India;1. College of Resource & Environment, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi''an 710021, China;2. Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemical and Technology of Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi''an 710021, China;1. Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India;2. Leather Processing Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India;3. Bioorganic Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India;4. Expertise Center for Eco-Testing Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India;1. The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania;2. FILK - Research Institute of Leather and Plastic Sheeting, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599, Freiberg, Germany;3. University of Dar es Salam, Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, P. O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania;4. CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Centre for Human and Organizational Resources Development (CHORD), Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India;1. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, 710021, China;2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education (Shaanxi University of Science & Technology), Xi’an, 710021, Shaanxi, China;1. College of Resources & Environment, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi''an 710021, China;2. Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemical and Technology of Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi''an 710021, China;3. Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi''an 710021, Shaanxi, China;4. College of Foreign Languages and Communications, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi''an 710021, China;1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China;2. Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, power ultrasound has taken a significant place in chemical and physical activities of the process industries as an effective and non-polluting method of activation. Oil in water emulsions known as fatliquors are used for the lubrication of tanned leather fibres to get softness and also to improve the strength properties. In the present study, ultrasound has been used as a tool for the preparation of fatliquor emulsion for application in leather fatliquoring process. An emulsion is a fine dispersion of one liquid in another liquid. Sulphation is one of the common methods followed to prepare fatliquor emulsion where sulphuric acid is used. In the conventional process, emulsifying agent is also added to increase the stability of oil in water emulsions. The emulsifying agents generally used are chemicals or metal soaps. The potential use of ultrasound in the preparation of stable oil in water emulsions dispensing with sulphation process and with the minimum use of emulsifying agent has been studied and reported in this paper. This process enjoys the benefit of less pollution load in the form of chemical entities. The studies included the effect of process parameters such as ultrasonic output power and amount of oil used. Fatliquor emulsion prepared using ultrasound has been applied in leather fatliquoring process and the strength properties of the leathers were assessed. Emulsion particle size, which is another important parameter for diffusion through leather, has been measured using Laser Diffraction Technique. The stability of the ultrasonically prepared fatliquor emulsion has been found to be good. The results indicate that ultrasound could be effectively utilized in the preparation of non-ionic fatliquor emulsion eliminating sulphuric acid and impart required properties in leather. |
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