Factors affecting resource use optimisation of the chemical industry in the Northern Ostrobothnia region of Finland |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Oulu, Mass and Heat Transfer Process Laboratory, FIN-90014, Finland;2. University of Northampton, School of Applied Sciences, Northampton, NN2 7AL, United Kingdom;1. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;2. National Center for Environmental Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;1. Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia;2. MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;1. Department of Art History, Conservation, Uppsala University, Cramérgatan 3, 621 57 Visby, Sweden;2. Department of Energy, Forests and Building Technology, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden;1. Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Wólczańska St. 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;2. University of Lodz, Department of Algology and Mycology, Banacha St. 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;3. University of Lodz, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Banacha St. 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;4. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in Oświęcim, Więźniów Oświęcimia St. 20, 32-603 Oświęcim, Poland;1. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States;2. Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States;3. Mid-Continent Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN, United States;4. National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States |
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| Abstract: | To gather data on the resource efficiency of the chemical sector, a questionnaire was sent to the chemical companies in the Northern Ostrobothnia region of Finland. Resource use optimisation was investigated by analysing measures and attitudes toward waste prevention. The survey revealed that legislation is the main driver for change in the chemical industry. The analysis showed a clear lack of monitoring practice as well as a lack of understanding of major concepts, such as that of the nature of waste. Process optimisation to reduce raw material losses and energy consumption is a key utilised practice. Practices aimed at water usage reduction are rarely employed. Lack of information, regulative restrictions set on waste materials and lack of human resources are barriers to waste reduction practice. Improving information, education and training of employees in waste issues and increasing environmental awareness are essential for companies in the Chemical Industry in Northern Ostrobothnia to move toward resource use optimisation. |
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