云南省洱海北部地区农田面源污染现状及控制的补偿政策

农田面源污染是洱海富营养化的重要原因之一。本文利用在洱海北部地区收集的实地调研数据,从化肥施用与流失和秸秆利用情况,分析了该地区的农田面源污染现状。结果表明：该地区的农田面源污染主要来源于大蒜田与玉米田的氮磷流失,以及大蒜秸秆与玉米秸秆的焚烧或丢弃。从补偿对象与主体、补偿标准、补偿环节与方式、配套政策四个方面,探讨了农田面源污染控制的补偿政策,并结合在洱海北部地区的实地调研资料,分析了测土配方施肥和秸秆还田两种农田面源污染控制技术采纳的补偿政策案例;提出政府应在基础设施建设、技术指导、教育培训、＂无公害＂农产品市场建设等方面给予政策支持。

Subsidy Policy for Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution Control in Northern Area of Erhai Lake of Yunnan Province

Agricultural nonpoint source pollution（ANPSP） is one of the key contributors of eutrophication in Erhai Lake.By using the data collected in the northern area of Erhai Lake,this paper analyzes the application of chemical fertilizers and the utilization of crop straws.The results suggest that ANPSP mainly results from nutrients（nitrogen and phosphorus） runoff in garlic lands and corn lands,and from burning or throwing away garlic straws and corn straws.Then,this paper couducts research on subsidy recipients,subsidy quantities,subsidy methods and relevant polices of ANPSP control subsidy policy,and does a case study on the adoption of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology and the technology of returning straws to cropland in the northern area of Erhai Lake.Besides implementing ANPSP control subsidy policy,it is necessary for the local government to implement relevant polices,such as polices for agricultural infrastructure construction,technology instruction,education and training,and establishment of green agricultural product market,to complement the subsidy policy.