基于分布式水文模型的武夷山市水文调节服务评估

武夷山是我国生态文明建设的重点示范区，开展水文调节功能服务价值评估是福建省生态安全保障的重要需求.采用流域分布式时变增益水文模型（DTVGM），在充分考虑流域气象、水文、土地利用类型等信息的基础上，精细化模拟了武夷山流域的水文过程，定量评估了2010年和2015年有植被覆盖和无植被覆盖两种条件下武夷山市及下属各行政区植被生态系统的径流调节量及其价值量.结果表明:①武夷山市2010年和2015年径流调节量分别为5.73×108和5.21×108 m3，折合人民币分别为35.93×108和37.46×108元.②2010年枯水期日均径流调节量相比丰水期下降了0.013×108 m3；2015年枯水期日均径流调节量相比丰水期下降了0.009×108 m3.③星镇村和洋庄乡径流调节价值量明显多于其他行政区，均超过10.48×108元；崇安街道和新丰街道相对较低，均低于1.59×108元；其他几个行政区基本持平，在3.26×108~6.70×108元之间.研究显示，武夷山市区由于植被丰富，林地覆盖面积较大且密度较高，总体水文调节能力较强，但同时也受区域气候条件影响较大，有植被覆盖条件下在应对非极端气候时可以维持较好的径流调节能力，然而在极端特大暴雨事件中，现有植被种类的截留能力还不足以应对短时强降水过程. 

Hydrological Adjusting Service Function and Value Assessment in Wuyishan City based on Distributed Hydrological Model

Wuyishan City is the key demonstration area of national ecological civilization construction, conducting evaluation of hydrological adjustment function service value is an ecological security assurance of national demand. However, the traditional experience formula methods were limited due to the complex hydrologic cycle in real condition. A distributed hydrological model, Distributed Time Variant Gain Model (DTVGM), is utilized to quantitatively estimate the hydrological adjusting ability and value under different vegetation cover conditions (forestland and bare fields) in Wuyishan City in 2010 and 2015. The kernel of this model is the elaborate simulation of hydrological cycle, which is fully considering the hydrological, meteorological, geographical distribution and other relevant information. The results indicate that:(1) The runoff regulation in 2010 and 2015 was 573 million m³ and 521 million m³, and the value was 3.593 billion yuan and 3.746 billion yuan, respectively. (2) Compared with the wet season in 2010 and 2015, the hydrological regulation adjustment decreased by 1.3 million m³ per day and 0.9 million m³ per day in the dry season respectively. (3) By applying hydrological adjusting calculation in the sub-administrative regions in Wuyishan City, Xingzhen Village and Yangzhuang Village had the highest hydrological value for more than a billion yuan that contradicts the value of less than 159 million yuan in Chongan Sub-district and Xinfeng Sub-district. The hydrological value of the other administrative areas was between 326 and 670 million yuan. With the good condition of vegetation, Wuyishan City had a strong capability of hydrological adjustment. However, it was also greatly affected by the regional climate conditions. The results indicated that the current vegetation coverage can keep high hydrological adjusting ability to respond to the normal weather conditions. However, in extreme weather conditions, e.g. extraordinary rainstorm, the current vegetation types and their corresponding hydrological adjusting ability will not be able to intercept the large amount of instantaneous rainfall.