AOA-SBR系统运行效能及高效聚磷菌的特性研究

为获得聚磷能力突出且抗逆性强的菌株，进一步扩大生物除磷的应用范围，在实验室条件下完成AOA-SBR反应器的启动及运行，基于Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术对反应器各运行阶段样品中的细菌群落结构进行解析，从稳定运行的SBR反应器中分离得到聚磷菌，分别进行菌株的鉴定及其生长聚磷特性研究.结果表明:①反应器的启动及运行后期，各项出水水质指标均达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A水平，系统的除磷率稳定在95%以上.②反应器对于除磷微生物的定向富集作用较强，变形菌门中的不动杆菌属为优势菌群.③共分离得到5株高效聚磷菌，暂命名为LXP1~LXP5，经鉴定分别为假单孢菌属（Pseudomonas）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、红球菌属（Rhodococcus）、大头茶属（Gordonia）及脂肪杆菌属（Pimelobacter）.④LXP1~LXP5都具有典型的生长曲线和较短的生长周期，生长周期范围为24~36 h；各菌株在好氧条件下的吸磷量均在10 mg/L以上，最大可达30 mg/L.研究显示，实验室条件下AOA-SBR反应器的启动及运行可较好地实现对活性污泥中的除磷微生物定向富集的目的，该试验分离得到5株高效聚磷菌并经鉴定分属5种不同的菌属范畴，其中Rhodococcus、Gordonia及Pimelobacter的菌株为近年来鲜有的从活性污泥中筛选得到的具有较好聚磷特性的菌株. 

Operational Efficiency of an AOA-SBR System and the Characteristics of High-Efficiency Phosphorus-Accumulating Bacteria

The objectives of this study were to generate the bacterial strains with an outstanding ability of phosphorus accumulation and stress resistance, and to improve the efficiency of biological phosphorus removal. The start-up and operation of an AOA-SBR reactor were completed under laboratory conditions. In addition, bacterial community structure was analyzed via the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The phosphorus-accumulating bacteria were isolated from the stable SBR reactor. Subsequently, the identification of the strains and the characteristics of growth and phosphorus accumulation were studied. The experimental results revealed that:(1) The start-up and operation of the reactor were successfully completed. The effluent indexes were stable, and the effluent concentration reached level A of GB 18918-2002 Discharge Standard of Pollutants in Urban Sewage Treatment Plant. The phosphorus removal rate of the system remained above 95%. (2) The directional enrichment of the reactor was strong, with Acinetobacter in Proteus as the dominant group. (3) Five high-efficiency phosphorus-accumulating bacteria were isolated, which were identified as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus, Gordonia and Pimelobacter, respectively. (4) The growth curves of strains LXP1-LXP5 were typical, and the growth cycle was short. The growth cycle ranged from 24 to 36 h. The phosphorus uptake of the strains was above 10 mg/L under aerobic conditions, with a maximum of 30 mg/L. Studies showed that the start-up and operation of the AOA-SBR reactor under laboratory conditions could better achieve the purpose of directed enrichment of phosphorus-accumulating microorganisms in activated sludge. The strains LXP1-LXP5 belonged to five different genera. Rhodococcus, Gordonia and Pimelobacter strains were rare strains with better P-accumulating characteristics screened from activated sludge in recent years.