辽东湾河口区海洋垃圾赋存特征及管理对策

海洋垃圾已引起国际社会的广泛关注，是当前环境领域热点问题之一.为揭示我国渤海近岸海域海洋垃圾的赋存特征及其分布规律，于2018年丰水期（8月）在辽东湾河口区海域布设6个长度为5~10 km的调查断面，利用拖网同时采集海面漂浮垃圾与海底垃圾，初步调查辽东湾近岸海域海洋垃圾分布和组成特征，并对海洋垃圾来源进行了分析.结果表明:①辽东湾海面漂浮垃圾数量密度为67个/km2，质量密度为741 g/km2；海底垃圾数量密度为19个/km2，质量密度为2 544 g/km2.②在所收集的各类海洋垃圾中，塑料类垃圾数量占比约为50.9%，其中海底塑料类垃圾数量占比（62.1%）明显高于海面漂浮塑料垃圾数量占比（37.5%）.③由塑料垃圾形态特征和表面带有的标识判断，辽东湾近岸海域塑料垃圾主要是来源于生活塑料垃圾（84.9%）和渔业垃圾（15.1%）.在此基础上，建议加强源头管理以减少塑料垃圾进入海洋，主要包括完善当前海洋垃圾分类方法、加强渔业塑料垃圾回收、提升公民保护海洋环境意识和制定国家海洋塑料垃圾行动计划等. 

Characteristics and Control of Marine Macrolitter in Estuaries of Liaodong Bay

Marine litter is of global concern particularly in relation to its potential impacts on aquatic ecosystem and human health. The present study was conducted to identify the characteristics and distribution of marine litter in the Bohai offshore area. Six sampling sections, each with a length of 5-10 km, were sampled along coastal Liaodong Bay. Preliminary results showed that floating litter was present at an average concentration of 67 items/km², corresponding to the mass density of 741 g/km²; while, marine litter collected from seafloor was present at a concentration of 19 items/km², corresponding to the mass density of 2544 g/km². Among these sampling sites, plastic was the dominant composition, accounting for 50.9% of the total litter sampled. Moreover, proportion of plastic in benthic marine litter (62.1%) was higher than that of floating marine litter (37.5%). Morphological characteristic and labeling information on the surface of plastic litter indicated that 84.9% of the waste was of domestic origin, and 15.1% originated from commercial fishing. Results suggest that litter waste in the marine environment might be reduced by strengthening and enforcing the management for fishery wastes, raising awareness of marine environmental protection, and implementation a national marine plastic litter action plan.