SRIS对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除效能及微生态分析

针对垃圾渗滤液中ρ（NH₃-N）较高、可生化性较差、处理困难的问题，以老龄垃圾渗滤液为研究对象，探讨了改良SRIS（土地快速渗滤系统）对NH₃-N的处理效果与最高处理负荷量，同时分析了系统不同深度的ρ（NH₃-N）的变化，并利用高通量测序技术分析了进水前、后系统中的微生物群落演替情况.结果表明:①在进水ρ（NH₃-N）为125 mg/L左右、水力负荷为0.11 m3/（m2·d）、进水频率为1次/d下，垃圾渗滤液经改良SRIS的一级、二级渗滤柱处理后出水ρ（NH₃-N）平均值为3 mg/L，NH₃-N去除率在97.5%以上；提高水力负荷为0.22 m3/（m2·d）后，NH₃-N去除率为87.27%；进水频率改为2次/d，NH₃-N去除率达到96.17%.②改良SRIS的一级、二级渗滤柱所能处理的最高NH₃-N去除量分别为200和110 mg/L，并且主要在下层和底层部分发生去除.③改良SRIS中下层微生物群落多样性最为丰富，微生物群落以变形菌门（Proteobacteria）为主，在属水平下微小杆菌属（Exiguobacterium）相对丰度最高，同时还存在多种有利于NH₃-N去除的硝化、反硝化细菌以及浮霉菌，为NH₃-N的去除提供了保障.研究显示，改良SRIS对垃圾渗滤液中NH₃-N具有良好的去除效果，可为老龄垃圾渗滤液的有效处理提供借鉴. 

Efficiency of Ammonia Nitrogen Removal and Microbial Community in Landfill Leachate by Modified Soil Rapid Infiltration System

Aiming at the problems of high concentration of ammonia nitrogen, low biodegradability and difficult treatment in landfill leachate, using aged landfill leachate as model, the removal efficiency and the maximum processing load of ammonia nitrogen in the modified soil rapid infiltration system (SRIS) were investigated. Meanwhile, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen at different depths of the system was monitored. In addition, the microbial community distribution in the system before and after the treatment were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that when the influent concentration of ammonia nitrogen was about 125 mg/L, the hydraulic load was 0.11 m³/(m²·d), and the inflow frequency was once a day, the average concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the effluent was about 3 mg/L and the total removal rate was higher than 97.5% after treatment with primary and secondary percolation columns in the modified SRIS. When the hydraulic load increased to 0.22 m³/(m²·d), the total removal rate was 87.27%. When the frequency of inflow was changed to twice a day, the total removal rate was 96.17%. The maximum ammonia nitrogen removal of after treatment with primary and secondary percolation columns in the modified SRIS reached to 200 and 110 mg/L, respectively, and the degradation mainly occurred in the lower and bottom layers. The lower layer of the modified SRIS had the most diverse bacterial community. Proteobacteria was dominated at phylum level, and the relative abundance of Exiguobacterium was the highest at genus level, as well as the presence of a variety of nitrifying, denitrifying bacteria and planctomycetes, which make the main contribution to the removal of ammonia nitrogen in the system. This research demonstrated that the modified SRIS could effectively remove ammonia nitrogen from the landfill leachate, which provides a reference for the effective treatment of the aged landfill leachate.