望虞河西岸河网重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

为探明望虞河西岸河网区的重金属污染特征及生态风险,于2018年3月调查了望虞河西岸5条河流的水体及表层沉积物中重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Hg)的含量及形态分布,利用多元统计分析方法研究了重金属元素的污染来源并对其污染水平给予评价.结果表明,河网区水体重金属污染较轻,除Hg外其余金属质量浓度均低于《地表水环境质量标准》的Ⅰ类标准.而表层沉积物中重金属含量较高,除Hg外其余均高于江苏省土壤环境背景值.重金属在水体-沉积物中的分配系数显示Cd、As和Hg具有较强的二次释放潜力.地累积指数法(Igeo)显示沉积物中Cu、Zn和Cd的污染程度较高,局部属于偏重度污染;潜在生态危害指数法(RI)显示Cd为研究区域主要的生态风险因子;而考虑重金属赋存形态的潜在生态风险评价(RRSP)表明,Ni、Zn和As主要以残渣态形式存在,生态风险较低,而Cd多为酸溶态,具有极高的潜在危害.多种评价结果表明,应格外重视重金属Cd的污染治理.而重金属来源分析显示望虞河西岸的重金属污染主要源于周围机械制造和金属冶炼类工厂的人为输入,这为望虞河西岸河网的重金属污染控制提供依据.

Contaminant Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals from River Networks in the Western Area of the Wangyu River

To study the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of heavy metals in the western area of the Wangyu River, water and surface sediment samples of five rivers were investigated. The concentration and chemical fractions of eight heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) were analyzed, the pollution sources of heavy metals were studied using multivariate statistical analysis, and various ecological risk assessments were applied to identify the level of heavy metal contaminants. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water was low, except for Hg, which was lower than the Class I standard of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard. The content of heavy metals in surface sediments was high, except for Hg, which was significantly higher than the environmental background values. The partition coefficient of heavy metals in water-sediments showed that Cd, As, and Hg had strong re-emission potential. The I_geo indicated that Cu, Zn, and Cd were in a high pollution state as a whole. The RI showed that Cd was the main ecological risk factor in the study area. The RRSP indicated that the degree of pollution by Ni, Zn, and As was low because of its high residual fraction ratio, which was difficult to release under natural conditions. However, the degree of pollution by Cd was high because it had the highest content of weak acid extractable fraction among all the heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to Cd contamination. The source analysis of heavy metals showed that the western area of the Wangyu River was mainly affected by the pollution emissions from the surrounding machinery factories.