空间溢出视角下中国污染密集型产业集聚的环境效应

本研究在着力改善生态环境和调整产业空间布局的背景下,着眼于国民经济行业中高能耗、高污染的污染密集型产业,基于2000—2015年中国30个省区的面板数据,在污染密集型产业识别的基础上,考察了污染密集型产业集聚和环境污染的空间特征,构建了空间面板杜宾模型,并从空间溢出视角,探讨了污染密集型产业集聚的环境效应.研究发现:①污染密集型产业集聚和环境污染均具有显著的空间正相关性;②污染密集型产业集聚和环境污染之间存在显著的倒"U"型曲线关系,对于产业集聚水平较高的山西、宁夏和内蒙古,有望通过空间溢出效应和政策干预发挥减排效应,其他省区集聚水平的提高将会加剧环境污染;③经济发展水平和外商直接投资与环境污染之间均具有显著的正相关关系,而技术创新能力的提高能显著降低污染水平.

The environmental effects of pollution-intensive industry agglomeration based on the perspective of spatial spillover

In order to improve the ecological environment and adjust the industrial spatial layout, in this article, a spatial panel Durbin model is applied to study the pollution-intensive industry which has high energy consumptions and high environment pollutions. The proposed method can help us to identify the pollution-intensive industry. Moreover, it can also help us to analyze the spatial agglomeration and environmental pollution characteristics of pollution-intensive industry and explore the environmental effects of agglomerated pollution-intensive industry from the perspective of spatial spillover. The developed method is applied to analyze the panel data of 30 provinces in China during 2000-2015. The results show that there exist significant positive spatial correlations in both industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution for pollution-intensive industries. There also exists a significant inverted "U-shaped" curve relationship between the agglomeration of pollution-intensive industries and the environmental pollutions. Shanxi, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia have higher industrial agglomerations. Hence, with the help of spatial spillover and policy interventions, it is expected to exert emission reduction effects for these three provinces. However, the strengthening of the concentration and agglomeration of other provinces will aggravate the environmental pollutions. In addition, both economic development and foreign direct investment have significant positive effects on the environmental pollutions, and the improvement of technological innovation can significantly reduce the environment pollutions.