两种抗生素菌渣经SEA-CBS技术处理后的肥料特性

抗生素菌渣的环境无害化利用处置目前已成为行业和政府管理部门亟待解决的难题.为有效实现抗生素菌渣的资源化利用，开展了经SEA-CBS高效复合资源化利用技术制成的吉他霉素和螺旋霉素菌渣有机肥理化特性研究，并分析了未施肥、施加不同比例的商品肥和菌渣有机肥对苦苣生长的影响.结果表明:吉他霉素和螺旋霉素菌渣有机肥的pH分别为6.59和7.92，含水率分别为5.21%和10.60%，抗生素残留均未检出；吉他霉素菌渣有机肥中w（Cr）、w（Pb）和w（As）相对较高，分别为33.40、7.05和1.57 mg/kg，而w（Cd）（0.34 mg/kg）和w（Hg）（低于0.002 mg/kg）相对较低；两种抗生素菌渣有机肥的总养分含量均在5%以上，w（有机质）均大于80%，均符合NY 884—2012《生物有机肥》及NY 525—2012《有机肥料》中的相关限值.植株生长试验研究发现，施加1%和3%的吉他霉素菌渣有机肥时，苦苣的株高、鲜质量和干质量均优于未施肥处理，且株高均大于施入商品肥处理；施加1%螺旋霉素菌渣有机肥下苦苣生长性能优于未施肥情况.研究显示，SEA-CBS技术可有效去除菌渣中残留的抗生素，并实现抗生素菌渣的资源化利用. 

Fertilizer Characteristics of Two Kinds of Antibiotic bacterial Residues Treated by SEA-CBS Technology

The environmentally harmless utilization and disposition of antibiotic bacterial residue has become an urgent issue that needs to be solved for industrial and government management. In order to effectively realize the resource utilization of antibiotic bacterial residue, the SEA-CBS high-efficiency composite resource utilization technology was used to treat the guitarmycin and the spiramycin bacterial residue harmlessly, and then they were made into organic fertilizer by aerobic fermentation. The physicochemical properties of two kinds of residue organic fertilizers were studied, and the effects of different proportions of commercial fertilizer and residue organic fertilizer on the growth of oleraceus were discussed. The results showed that the pH of guitarmycin and spiramycin residue organic fertilizer were 6.59 and 7.92, and the moisture content were 5.21% and 10.60%, respectively. No antibiotic residues were detected. The contents of heavy metals Cr, Pb and As in organic fertilizer of guitarmycin residue were relatively high (33.40, 7.05 and 1.57 mg/kg, respectively), while the contents of Cd and Hg were relatively low (0.34 mg/kg for Cd and less than 0.002 mg/kg for Hg). The total nutrient content of both was above 5%, and the organic matter content was more than 80%, which were accord with the limits in Microbial Organic Fertilizer (NY 884-2012) and Organic Fertilizer (NY 525-2012). The plant growth tests determined that the plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of the Sonchus oleraceus L. were better than the blank conditions when the dosage of the guitarmycin residue organic fertilizer was 1% and 3%. The plant height after applying guitarmycin residue organic fertilizer of the Sonchus oleraceus L. was higher than that after applying the commercial fertilizer. The growth performance of Sonchus oleraceus L. under the application of 1% spiramycin residue organic fertilizer was better than that without fertilizer. But all indexes were lower than those of applying commercial fertilizer. The studies show that the SEA-CBS technology can effectively remove the residual antibiotics in the bacterial residue and realize the resource utilization of antibiotic bacterial residue.