保定市大气污染来源与燃煤治理成效

为支撑保定市空气污染控制目标实现，于2014年起开展了保定市大气污染研究工作，明确了保定市大气污染的主要来源与成因，并提出了有针对性的治理对策.结果表明:①保定市大气重污染主要发生在冬季，民用燃煤排放是大气重污染发生的根本原因.2013年12月1日-2014年2月28日冬季ρ（SO₂）、ρ（NO₂）、ρ（PM₁₀）和ρ（PM_2.5）分别为2014年年均值的1.93、1.64、1.46和1.61倍.民用燃煤源占2014年PM_2.5全年来源的19.8%，占冬季PM_2.5来源的30.9%.②集中供热和清洁取暖措施对空气质量改善效果明显.2015-2018年民用散煤综合整治后，ρ（PM_2.5）年均值由2013年的135 μg/m3降至2018年的67 μg/m3，降幅达50.4%，全年重度污染和严重污染天数占比从30.0%降至9.0%.清洁取暖率较高区县的冬季空气综合指数和ρ（PM_2.5）明显低于清洁取暖率低的区县.③民用散煤综合整治降低了冬季PM_2.5中民用燃煤源占比，优化了能源结构.民用燃煤在PM_2.5中占比由2014年冬季的30.9%分别降至2017-2018年冬季的25.0%和2018-2019年冬季的22.0%，煤炭消费量占比由2014年的49.6%降至2017年的38.4%，电力消费量占比由2014年的33.8%升至2017年的39.5%，天然气消费量占比由2014年的2.6%升至2017年的6.8%.总体而言，尽管保定市空气质量得到了一定改善，但总燃煤量占比仍高于北京市（9.8%）和天津市（36.1%），其主城区南部区县仍可进一步提高清洁取暖率，以促进空气质量不断改善. 

Sources of Air Pollution and Effects of Coal Combustion Treatment in Baoding City

In order to achieve the air pollution control target in Baoding City, Baoding Air Pollution Research Group began the research in 2014. The study clarified the main sources and causes of air pollution in Baoding City, and proposed corresponding countermeasures. The results showed that the heavy pollution in Baoding City mainly occurred in winter, during which civil coal-burning emissions were the main source. From December 1st, 2013 to February 28th, 2014, the average values of SO₂, NO₂, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were 1.93, 1.64, 1.46 and 1.61 times of the annual average ralues, respectively. Civil coal source accounted for 19.8% of the total source of PM_2.5 in 2014 and 30.9% in the winter. The implementation of central heating and clean heating measures have improved air quality obviously. After the comprehensive rectification of civil bulk coal in 2015-2018, the annual average concentration of PM_2.5 decreased from 135 μg/m3 in 2013 to 67 μg/m3 in 2018, a decreace of 50.4%. The frequency of severe pollution occurrence in the whole year dropped from 30.0% to 9.0%. The air comprehensive index and PM_2.5 concentration in winter were evidently lower in the districts with higher clean heating rate than those with lower clean heating rate. The comprehensive rectification reduced the proportion of civil bulk coal contribution in PM_2.5 in winter and optimized the energy structure. The proportion of civil coal combustion in PM_2.5 decreased from 30.9% in winter 2014 to 25.0% in the winter of 2017-2018 and 22.0% in the winter of 2018-2019. Meanwhile, the coal consumption decreased from 49.6% in 2014 to 38.4% in 2017, However, the power consumption increased from 33.8% in 2014 to 39.5% in 2017, and the proportion of natural gas consumption increased from 2.6% in 2014 to 6.8% in 2017. Overall, despite the improvement in air quality in Baoding City, the proportion of coal consumption is still higher than that of Beijing City (9.8%) and Tianjin City (36.1%). The southern districts of the main urban areas can further increase clean heating efficiency and promote the continuous improvement of air quality.