中国市政污泥中磷的含量与形态分布

于2016年采集了全国46个城市的市政污泥样品，运用SMT法测定了污泥中不同形态磷的含量.结果表明，我国市政污泥中总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、非磷灰石态无机磷（NAIP）、磷灰石态无机磷（AP）、有机磷（OP）和生物有效磷（NAIP+OP）的平均含量分别为（17.32±5.13）、（11.71±4.01）、（9.18±3.44）、（3.03±2.74）、（4.54±4.23）和（13.72±4.36）g·kg^-1.其中IP是污泥中磷的主要存在形态，占TP含量的60%以上；NAIP是主要的无机磷形态，占IP含量的66%以上.污泥中生物有效磷占TP含量的比例介于66.8%~96.1%之间，二者呈现极显著正相关关系（r=0.942，P<0.01）.市政污泥磷含量和排放量总体上呈现东高西低的空间分布规律.2016年随污泥处置排放入环境的磷达到了1.04×10⁵ t，其中1.95×10⁴ t随污泥农用进入土壤，4.69×10⁴ t进入填埋场，1.47×10⁴ t进入建筑材料中，2.34×10⁴ t经垃圾焚烧进入焚烧灰，4.50t被直接倾倒丢弃.与历史数据对比发现，我国市政污泥中总磷的含量呈现先升高、后降低的变化趋势.

Contents and Forms of Phosphorous in the Municipal Sewage Sludge of China

Municipal sludge samples (SS) were collected from 46 cities in China in 2016. The forms in which phosphorus occurred in the SS were evaluated using the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) Program. The results showed that the average contents of total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP), apatite phosphorus (AP), organic phosphorus (OP), and bioavailable phosphorus (NAIP+OP) in the SS were (17.32±5.13), (11.71±4.01), (9.18±3.44), (3.03±2.74), (4.54±4.23), and (13.72±4.36) g·kg^-1, respectively. IP was the main form of phosphorus in the SS, accounting for more than 60% of the TP content. NAIP was the main form of IP, accounting for more than 66% of the IP content. There was a highly significant positive correlation between TP and bioavailable phosphorus in the SS (r=0.942, P<0.01), and bioavailable phosphorus accounted for 66.8%-96.1% of the TP content. The contents of phosphorus in the SS and the amounts of phosphorus discharged via SS disposal showed a decreasing trend from the east to the west of China. In 2016, the amount of phosphorus discharged into the environment via SS disposal amounted to 1.04×10⁵ tons, of which 1.95×10⁴ t entered the soil through SS land application, 4.69×10⁴ t entered landfill sites, 1.47×10⁴ t entered building materials, 2.34×10⁴ t ended up in incineration ash, and 4.50 t were directly dumped or discarded. The phosphorus content of the SS of China presented a temporal trend of first increasing and then decreasing.