典型岩溶区水环境中全氟化合物分布特征及风险评价

为探究典型岩溶区PFASs（per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances，全氟化合物）分布特征及生态环境与健康风险，采用超高相液相色谱串联质谱对都安县地下水、地表水及污染源中PFASs进行分析测试.结果表明:①PFPeA（Perfluoropentanoic acid，全氟戊酸）是该地区检出率最高的PFASs污染物，检出率为100%，ρ（PFPeA）检出范围为0.067~1.021 ng/L.ρ（PFASs）平均检出情况满足污染源（2.592 ng/L）>地表水（0.737 ng/L）>地下水（0.340 ng/L），污染物检出种类的平均值满足污染源（7.1个）>地表水（4.4个）>地下水（2.9个）.②研究区内仅有G2、S9、S13、P3采样点ρ（PFASs）可能受点源类污染源的影响较大，整个研究区PFASs分布特征及质量浓度受大气沉降影响较小.地表水及地下水ρ（PFASs）较高的采样点基本集中在人类活动聚集区；由于岩溶作用影响，东南部地下水中ρ（PFASs）相对较低.③地下水、地表水及污染源中PFASs的来源均可以分为两类，一类是以PFOS（perfluorooctane sulfonate，全氟辛烷磺酸）为主产物的五金电镀、消防、采矿、电子等行业，另一类可能主要与农业活动相关，来源于农用塑料品及其降解产物.④在利用当前已有参数进行评价时，都安县水环境中ρ（PFOA）（perfluorooctane acid，全氟辛酸）和ρ（PFOS）尚未达到对生态环境和人体健康具有风险的水平.研究显示，西南岩溶区水环境中ρ（PFOA）和ρ（PFOS）尚未达到对环境及人体健康具有风险的水平，但鉴于岩溶区特殊的水文地质条件，仍需加强产氟工矿企业的控制. 

Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Environment in Typical Karst Region

To explore the distribution characteristics, the ecological environment and the health risks, water samples were collected from three types of water bodies (groundwater, surface water, and source of pollution) in Du''an County for analysis of PFASs (per-and polyfluoroalkyl) by ultra-high phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that PFPeA (perluorpentanoic acid) had the highest detection rate (100%) among PFASs pollutants in this region, with the concentration range varied from 0.067 to 1.021 ng/L. The average concentration of the detected PFASs satisfied the rule of source of pollution (2.592 ng/L) > surface water (0.737 ng/L) > groundwater (0.340 ng/L), and the average value of the pollutants detected meets the source of pollution (7.1) > surface water (4.4) > groundwater (2.9). Human activities contribute largely to the pollution of PFASs. The concentration of PFASs at sampling points (G2, S9, S13, P3) may be affected by potential point sources and the distribution of PFASs in the study areas, which was not affected much by atmospheric deposition. The points of high PFASs concentration in surface and groundwater were basically in the area of high human activities. Due to the influence of karstification, the concentration of PFASs in the groundwater in the southeast is relatively low. According to the principal component analysis results, one source of the PFASs may come from agricultural plastic film and other plastic industries. Other sources may be electroplating, firefighting, mining, plastics, textiles, and electronics. The ecological and health risk assessment of PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) had been investigated, respectively. The results showed that PFOS and PFOA in groundwater was lower than the level of risk to the ecological environment and human health on the basis of existing research. The study shows that PFASs in the water environment of Du''an County have not yet reached the level that is risky to the environment and human health. However, in view of the special hydrogeological conditions in the karst region, it is still necessary to strengthen the control of PFASs production industry and mining enterprises.