福州地区海湾和河口潮汐沼泽湿地秋季上覆水营养盐分布特征

2015年秋季，采集福建省福州市沿海兴化湾（福州一侧）、福清湾、闽江口、敖江口和罗源湾5个海湾和河口分布的潮汐沼泽湿地的上覆水，并测定上覆水中的氮、磷营养盐浓度及其他水体理化指标，探讨不同海湾和河口潮汐沼泽湿地上覆水营养盐浓度形成差异的原因.结果表明：①不同海湾和河口潮汐沼泽湿地上覆水中的氮、磷营养盐浓度均存在显著差异（P<0.05），福清湾氮、磷营养盐浓度均较高，兴化湾氮营养盐浓度最低，敖江口磷营养盐浓度最低，其中福清湾上覆水营养盐浓度主要受区域水产养殖、陆源污染、地形的影响，而兴化湾主要受潮汐影响显著；②植被类型对沼泽湿地上覆水营养盐浓度有一定影响，南方碱蓬群落沼泽湿地上覆水中的氮营养盐浓度较高，互花米草群落沼泽湿地上覆水中的氮、磷营养盐浓度较低；同一海湾或河口沼泽湿地不同植物群落下上覆水中的营养盐浓度不同，且规律复杂.潮汐、地表径流、植物群落、地形、人为活动均会对海湾和河口沼泽湿地上覆水中的营养盐浓度产生重要影响.

Nutrient Distribution of Overlying Water in Tidal Marshes in Five Estuaries and Bays of the Fuzhou Region in Autumn

Overlying water from the tidal marshes in five estuaries and bays, namely, Xinghua Bay (Fuzhou Part), Fuqing Bay, Luoyuan Bay, Minjiang River Estuary, and Aojiang River Estuary of the Fuzhou region were collected in autumn of 2015, and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentration and other physical and chemical indicators of the overlying water were measured to discuss the reasons for the differences in the nutrient concentration of the overlying water in tidal marsh wetlands in different bays and estuaries. There were significant differences in the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentrations of the overlying waters of the tidal marshes in the different bays and estuaries (P<0.05). The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in Fuqing Bay were relatively high, while Xinghua Bay had the lowest nitrogen nutrient concentration and Aojiang River Estuary had the lowest phosphorus nutrient concentration. The nutrient concentration of the overlying water in Fuqing Bay is mainly affected by regional aquaculture, land-source pollution, and topography, while that in Xinghua Bay is mainly affected by tides. The vegetation type had an effect on the nutrient concentration of the overlying water in the wetlands. The concentration of nitrogenous nutrients in the overlying water of the marsh wetland in the Suaeda australis community was relatively high, while the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentrations in the overlying water of the Spartina alterniflora community wetland was relatively low; the concentrations of nutrients in the overlying water of different plant communities in the same bay or estuary marsh wetland were different, and the relationships were complex. Tides, surface runoff, plant communities, topography, and human activities all had an important impact on the nutrient concentrations in the overlying waters of the bay and estuary wetlands.