Modelling the contribution of different sources of sulphur to atmospheric deposition in the United Kingdom |
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| Authors: | D.S. Lee R.D. Kingdon M.E. Jenkin A. Webster |
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| Affiliation: | (1) College of Environmental Science and Forestry, SUNY, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;(2) Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, P.O. Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545-0129, USA;(3) US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 234 Mirror Lake Road, North Woodstock, NH 02362, USA;(4) Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen St. E, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada;(5) US Geological Survey, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, USA;(6) Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 234 Mirror Lake Road, Hubbard Brook Forest Station, Campton, NH 03223, USA;(7) Water Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, P.O. Box 6227, Sackville, NB, E4L 1G6, Canada;(8) D?partement de g?ographie, Universit? de Montr?al, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada;(9) For?t Qu?bec, Minist?re des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Qu?bec, 2700, rue Einstein, Quebec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada;(10) Department of Geography, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada;(11) Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;(12) Direction de la recherche foresti?re, For?t Qu?bec, Minist?re des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Qu?bec, 2700, rue Einstein, Quebec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada;(13) Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 8th floor, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, H2Y 2E, Canada;(14) Aquatic Ecosystems Research Impacts Division, National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, ON, L7R4A6, Canada;(15) Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, P.O. Box AB, Millbrook, NY 12545-0129, USA;(16) MACTEC Engineering &; Consulting, Inc., 3901 Carmichael Ave., Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA;(17) Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Drop E243-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA;(18) US Geological Survey, P.O. Box 628, Montpelier, VT 05601, USA;(19) Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada |
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| Abstract: | In order to understand relationships between sources and receptors of atmospheric deposition, computer models must be used. This paper describes a Lagrangian acid deposition model that represents emissions of trace species across Northern Europe. The chemistry of sulphur dioxide, dimethyl sulphide and hydrogen sulphide is represented and the model tested against estimates of UK wet and dry deposition. Mean UK wet and dry deposition for the period 1992–1994 was 206 and 145 ktonne S yr-1, respectively. The model predicted wet and dry deposition of 222 and 166 ktonne S yr-1, in good agreement with measurements. The model has been used to examine the sources of deposited S to the UK. For a base year of 1992, 86% of the UK's SO2 emissions are exported. The S deposition attributable from mainland European sources was 36% of the UK total S deposition, in good agreement with other UK models but this differs substantially from the calculations of the EMEP model. Natural sources of S deposition from planktonic emissions of dimethyl sulphide, biological emissions of hydrogen sulphide and non-eruptive volcanic emissions of sulphur dioxide contributed approximately 1% of the modelled UK S deposition, of which 95% originated from dimethyl sulphide. The explicit chemical scheme for dimethyl sulphide incorporated into the model showed that 24% of the resultant deposited S was methane sulphonic acid. Boundary conditions of the model were tested and it was found that initialisation of sulphur dioxide and sulphate concentrations to representative ambient conditions had a very small effect. The modelled contribution of UK and European sources to UK S deposition was approximately 40 and 60%, respectively, showing the dramatic change arising from projected UK SO2 emissions in 2010. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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