Small enterprises and major hazards: How to develop an appropriate safety management system |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Safety and Security Science Group (S3G), TU Delft, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Applied Economics, Antwerp Research Group on Safety and Security (ARGoSS), Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;4. CEDON, KULeuven, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;1. International Governance and Performance (IGAP) Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;2. Centre for Accounting and Assurance Research, Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;3. Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;1. Industry & Labour Services, Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia, 6951 Westminster Highway, Richmond, BC V7C 1C6, Canada;2. OH&S Project Management, Industry & Labour Services, Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia, 6951 Westminster Highway, Richmond, BC V7C 1C6, Canada;3. #102 - 33539 Holland Avenue, Abbotsford, BC V2S 0C6, Canada;1. Center for Process Design, Safety and Loss Prevention (CPSL), Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Safety and Security Science Group, Faculty TBM, TU Delft, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands;3. ARGoSS, Faculty TEW, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;4. Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability, KU Leuven, Campus Brussels, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;1. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), ISCTE Business School (IBS), Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Av. das Forças Armadas, Edifício ISCTE, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), CIES-IUL, Av. das Forças Armadas, Edifício ISCTE, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal;3. Nova School of Business and Economics, Faculdade de Economia - Universidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Campolide, 1099-032 Lisboa, Portugal;4. Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;5. UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Many small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are obliged to adopt a Safety Managements System (SMS) by the Directive 2012/18/EU for the control of Major Accident Hazards (Seveso III). The difficulties of implementing an SMS within a small sized work organization are well known by practitioners, including inspectors and auditors and have been discussed in many recent papers. In the present paper is discussed a new method, based on the bowtie model, to build an easy and effective SMS. The very core of this method is a “safety net model”, which is able to connect in a network all the tangible and intangible elements of safety, including equipment, operating instructions, procedures and safety documents. This safety model has been used as the core of a smart application, the strength of which is the workers' contribution. The application allows the users to build step by step an SMS. It starts from a first version based just on regulations and standard codes (version 0), then it integrates internal knowledge through the bowtie paradigm (version 1). Near misses' discussion is used to transfer actual workers' experience into the system, to get intermediate improvement of the SMS (version 1.x). At the end audit may be used to a major release of the SMS (version 2). The full cycle has been tested at two small Seveso establishments: a galvanic plant and small glue manufacturer. |
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| Keywords: | Major accident hazards Safety management system Safety digital representation SMEs Bowtie Near misses |
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