Influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured flammability limits |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Department of Fire Commanding, The Chinese People''s Armed Police Forces Academy, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China;1. Institute of Thermal Energy Technology and Safety, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany;2. Institute of Thermal Science and Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;1. College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China;2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China;3. School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China;2. China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing, Hefei 100088, PR China;1. Environmental Research Laboratory, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece;2. HySAFER Centre, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK;3. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Energy and Transport (IET), Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies Unit, Westerduinweg 3, 1755 LE Petten, Netherlands;4. C.E.A. Saclay, D.E.N., D.M.2S., S.T.M.F, Laboratoire d''Instrumentation et Expérimentation en mécanique des Fluides et Thermohydraulique, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France;1. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, PR China;2. State Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean-efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, PR China;4. Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Methane and Fire Prevention, Jiaozuo, 454003, Henan, PR China;1. Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4, Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan;2. Department of Nuclear Safety Engineering, University of Fukui, 1-3-33, Kanawa-cho, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui, 914-0055, Japan |
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| Abstract: | There is a clear difference between exiting data on the measured flammability limits of hydrogen-air mixture. The non-uniformity of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air is a contributor to deviations of the upper flammability limit (UFL) and the lower flammability limit (LFL) measured in different experiments. This paper presents a numerical model to simulate the gas mixing process from start to stability, to predict the concentration distribution, and to research the influence of concentration distribution of hydrogen in air on measured UFLs and LFLs. The commercial software package Fluent was used to carry out the numerical simulation for the concentration distribution of hydrogen in air in the vessels with length-to-diameter ratios (L: D) of 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 7:1 respectively. Based on the numerical simulation and analysis, the influence of concentration distribution on measured flammability limits was demonstrated for hydrogen in air in the vessel. It is found that the deviations of measured flammability limits of hydrogen in air are the minimum in the vessel with length-to-diameter ratio of 1:1, and augment with the augmentation of vessel length-to-diameter ratio. Moreover, it is presented that the deviations of measured flammability limits of hydrogen in the center of the vessel are lower than that in the top and the bottom. |
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| Keywords: | Hydrogen in air Flammability limit Concentration distribution Numerical study |
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