Chemical conversion of paper industry effluents into carboxymethylcellulose |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratorio de Servicios a la Industria y al Sistema Científico (LaSeISiC). Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) , Camino Centenario e/505 y 508 Gonnet, 1900 Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata – CCT La Plata – CONICET, 47 y 116, 1900 La Plata, Argentina;3. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Physics Department, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;2. SEG-CEMUC Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal;1. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;2. Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan;1. University of Newcastle, UK;2. University of Warwick, UK |
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| Abstract: | The synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose was investigated using effluents containing short cellulose fibers. Carboxymethylcellulose was synthesized according to the slurry process using different amount of sodium hydroxide and different incubation times at 30 °C after the etherification reaction as variables. Characterization of the product was conducted by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, degree of substitution, average degree of polymerization, water imbibing capacity, color, rheological properties, apparent viscosity and trace elements content. Incubation time slightly increased the yield of the reaction and the degree of substitution during the first 12 h. The reaction yield and degree of substitution both decreased when the initially concentration of NaOH was increased from 7.0 g/mL to 10.5 g/mL. The carboxymethylcellulose obtained was darker and had lower hydration properties than commercial samples. Trace elements content suggests that the product could be only used in paint factories or building materials industries. |
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| Keywords: | Short cellulose fibers Carboxymethylcellulose Paper Recycled sludge Effluents Solid Waste |
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