Learning from the Bhopal disaster to improve process safety management in Singapore |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore 117566, Singapore;2. Workplace Safety and Health Institute, 1500 Bendemeer Road #04-01, Ministry of Manpower Services Centre, Singapore 339946, Singapore;1. University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 217, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;2. Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar (IITGN), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382355, India;3. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400076, India;1. College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China;2. Mary Kay O''Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA;1. Health Centre Mehiläinen Airport, Vantaa, Finland;2. University of Applied Science Amsterdam, Aviation Academy, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;3. School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK;1. Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1E No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia;2. Risk Management, The Bogotá Metro, Cra 9 No. 76-49, Bogotá, Colombia;3. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1E No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia;4. Administrative Department of Public Service, Cra 6 No. 12-62, Bogotá, Colombia;5. Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department: Microelectronic Center (CMUA), Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1E No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia;6. Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos (ECOPETROL), Cra 7 No. 32-42, Bogotá, Colombia |
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| Abstract: | The Singapore process industry is mainly made up of chemical and energy companies such as Mitsui Chemicals, Clariant, Exxon Mobil, Shell, Sumitomo, Petrochemical Corporation of Singapore and Infineum. Majority of these companies are located on Jurong Island, southwest of Singapore. Jurong Island houses nearly 100 leading petroleum, petrochemicals and specialty chemicals companies and the total investment is about S$42 billion in total. With a land surface area of only 716 km2 and a high concentration of process plants, the Singapore government places strong emphasis on safety and risk management. In this paper, four process industry veterans from the government, academic and private sectors were interviewed. Through the interviews, the authors sought to understand the veterans’ perspectives on lessons that the Singapore process industry should learn from the Bhopal disaster. The veterans expanded their thoughts beyond the Bhopal disaster and provided many insights and suggestions critical to process safety management in Singapore and other countries. A systemic model of process safety management was derived from the interviews and key elements of operational process safety management were identified. In addition, a research agenda was identified based on the inputs from the veterans. |
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| Keywords: | Process safety Bhopal disaster Lessons learnt Singapore Expert interviews Qualitative study |
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