Effect of urea on detonation characteristics and thermal stability of ammonium nitrate |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China;2. National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Industrial Explosive Materials, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China;1. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany;2. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;1. Department of Space Engineering & Rocketry, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidya Vihar Institute of Technology, Purnea, Bihar, India;1. School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;2. Dyno Nobel AsiaPacific Pty Ltd, Mt Thorley, NSW 2330, Australia;1. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan;2. Institute of Advanced Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan;1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013, China |
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| Abstract: | A study has examined the effect of urea on the thermal stability and detonation characteristics of ammonium nitrate (AN). The thermal decomposition temperature and surface morphology of samples were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For further research on the thermal sensitivity and shock sensitivity of the samples, the Koenen test and UN gap test were conducted. The results indicate that urea can substantially increase the thermal stability of AN (the greatest exothermic peak is increased by more than 100 °C) and reduce the thermal sensitivity of AN. However, AN-50wt. % urea mixtures can still produce a steady detonation in the UN gap test. Urea cannot reduce the ability to propagate a detonation. Possible explanations for these results are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Ammonium nitrate Urea Detonation Thermal stability |
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