Long-term stability and risk assessment of copper and cadmium in a smelter-impacted soil treated by four amendments |
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| Authors: | Lei Xu Hongbiao Cui Xiangyu Xing Zhimin Du Jiani Liang Xuebo Zheng |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People's Republic of China;2. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, People's Republic of China;3. Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-Line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang, People's Republic of China;4. School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, People's Republic of China;5. College of Non-Major Foreign Language Teaching, Nanyang Normal College, Nanyang, People's Republic of China;6. Henan Academy of Sciences Institute of Biology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China;7. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, People's Republic of China;8. Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production &9. Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | In an effort to address public concerns of the long-term stability and ecological risk reduction of Cu and Cd in a farmland located at the Guixi, Jiangxi Province, China, containing ～ 800?mg?kg?1 Cu and 0.8?mg?kg?1 Cd soil, were treated in situ by attapulgite, apatite, montmorillonite and lime at the rate: 10, 10, 10 and 4?g?kg?1 soil, respectively. Field experiment consisted of 2?×?3-m plots arranged in a randomised complete block design with each treatment. Soil and plant samples were collected in sixth years post-treatments and analysed for Cu and Cd bioaccessibility, chemical fraction and Cu, Cd concentration in plant tissue. The results indicated that the apatite and lime treatments significantly reduced bioaccessible and exchangeable fractions Cu and Cd in the soil at sixth years post the treatments. Cu and Cd concentration in plant tissue was positively related to the bioaccessibility of Cu and Cd. The treatment used 10?g apatite kg?1 soil appeared to be most effective for overall risk reduction. The Cu and Cd stabilisation and risk reduction by the apatite treatments were accomplished by the induced transformation of labile Cu and Cu species to relatively insoluble forms. This study illustrated that in situ Cu and Cd stabilisation by apatite would be long-term and ecologically safe, which could safeguard human health and ecosystem from Cu and Cd contamination in mining areas. |
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| Keywords: | Copper cadmium contamination in situ remediation risk assessment sustainability |
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