Contamination of lead (Pb) in the coastal sediments of north and south of Iran: a review study |
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Authors: | Nammam Ali Azadi Borhan Mansouri Lucia Spada Mohammad Hosein Sinkakarimi Younes Hamesadeghi |
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Institution: | 1. Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran;3. C.N.R. – Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Operative Unit of Taranto, Italy;4. Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran;5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran |
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Abstract: | Coastal areas of Iran are heavily affected by urbanisation, industrialisation, and maritime activities. One consequence of this environmental pressure is the contaminants accumulation, as heavy metals, into the marine ecosystem. In this review, the coastal areas in the north and south of the country were assessed for lead (Pb) contamination of, one of the most toxic metals found in the environment. All studies conducted during 2006–2016 with at least 10 specimens that reported the mean and standard deviation of Pb were considered in this review. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Q and I2 statistics. The Pb mean concentration overall studies was estimated to be 21.88?µg/g (95% CIs: 16.25–27.50). Random effect model showed no statistical difference in mean Pb concentration levels between south and north coasts. However, the variability in Pb mean concentrations within southern coasts was considerable and statistically significant. Moreover, the Pb concentrations in the northern coasts of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, in south of Iran, decreased in the following order Hormozgan > Khuzestan > Sistan-VA-Balluchestan > Bushehr while in the southern coasts of Caspian Sea, in north of Iran, decreased in the order Guilan > Mazandaran > Golestan. |
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Keywords: | Persian Gulf Caspian Sea Anzali wetland coastal sediment Pb |
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