基于外部性视角的区域生态补偿理论问题研究

当面对实现区域协调发展这一重大科学和实践命题时，生态补偿自然要同时解决人地关系中的区域关系，这就是区域生态补偿问题。地理运动构造了地理环境的整体性，而现实中的区域都具有产权区域属性，产权区域分割地理环境的整体性，使跨区域的地理运动演化为一个区域对其他区域的影响，即区域外部性问题。区域外部性所要解决的核心问题是判断外部性的“作用区域”，从而讨论外部性的空间特性，包括作用方向、范围和空间格局，并最终得到关于区域分布和区域关系的更加深入的认识。区域外部性理论能从特定的角度回答诸如为什么要实施区域生态补偿，如何确定补偿中的责任主体，如何设计补偿方式和确定补偿标准等区域生态补偿中的一些基本理论问题，从而成为其重要的理论基础。

Theoretical Research about Regional Eco - compensation by Method of Regional Externality

To seek the coordinated regional development, the eco - compensation needed to solve not only the human - land relation issue, but al- so the relation issues between regions. The authors defined this kind of eco - compensation as regional eco - compensation. Movement of geographical elements shaped the integrity of the geographical environment,and regions in reality had the apparent characteristics of property rights. Regions seg- mented the integrity of the geographical environment, and converted the movement of geographical elements into regional external influences which de- fined as regional externality. The theoretical framework of regional externality could explain some fundamental issues about regional eco - compensa- tion. As why was necessary, how to determine the responsibilities to compensate among regions, and how to carry it out. Therefore, regional externality was an important theoretical basis of the regional ecological compensation.