京、沪、穗口岸入境外国旅游市场特征对比研究

我国入境旅游市场长期呈现港澳台市场占80％以上，外国市场不足20％的“二八”结构，因此拓展入境旅游外国市场是我国旅游业发展的重要任务。北京、上海、广州三大口岸是我国入境旅游发展的“桥头堡”，也是其他省市入境旅游发展的“二手客源地”，在我国人境旅游业中占据着十分重要的地位。采用问卷调查法，以从京、沪、穗口岸入境的外国游客作为调查对象，对三大口岸间的外国市场进行对比分析，并将其作为整体与全国入境外国市场进行对比研究，以期为拓展全国和其他省市的入境旅游外国市场规模提供理论指导。结论为：①从三大口岸入境的外国市场具有各自的特征，但在年龄结构、职业结构和学历结构上具有一致性。②从不同口岸入境的外国市场具有不同的空间分布范围和扩散能力。③从三大口岸入境的外国市场特征对全国入境外国市场特征具有控制作用。

Comparative Research on Characteristics of Foreign Tourism Market Entering China from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou

The adoption of reform and opening- up policy brought about the rapid development of inbound tourism in China. However, foreign markets accounted for less than 20 % of Chinese inbound tourism markets for a long time. It was an urgent task to expand foreign market in China. The three top gateways, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, played an important role in China inbound tourism development. Taking foreign markets entering China from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as the object, this paper obtained the data through questionnaire surveys, and compared foreign market characteristics among Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Then taking them as a whole, this paper compared it with the national foreign market. The re- suits showed： （1）The foreign markets entering from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou had the own characteristics, but consistency in the age structure, occupational structure and educational structure. （2）The foreign markets entering from three gateways had the different spatial distribution and transfer capacity.（3）Foreign market characteristics of the three gateways had the controlling role to the national foreign market characteristics.