土壤微塑料污染及其分析方法

微塑料作为环境介质中的新型污染物,其对生态系统的影响越来越受到关注。土壤是环境中微塑料的重要蓄积库,结合近些年来国内外关于土壤中微塑料的研究,针对土壤中微塑料的来源、生态效应、分析方法及污染防治进行综述,以便更全面的了解土壤中微塑料污染的现状及其潜在的生态环境风险。塑料包装废弃物、农用地膜破碎、大气沉降是土壤中微塑料的主要来源。微塑料可吸附土壤中的重金属和有机物,作为其他污染物的载体危害生态环境健康,并会随着食物链逐渐富集,从而影响人类健康。土壤中的微塑料可通过筛分干燥后采用密度分离法、加压流体萃取法、石油提取法等进行分离,并通过消解去除土壤中的有机质。土壤中微塑料的识别与表征可采用目检法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法、扫描电镜法等。此外,根据土壤微塑料的生态效应提出污染治理措施与未来研究方向展望。

Soil Micro-plastics Pollution and Analysis Method

As a new type of pollutant in environmental media,microplastics have attracted more and more attention on their impact on the ecosystem.Soil is an important reservoir of microplastics in the environment.This article combines the research on microplastics in soil at home and abroad in recent years,and reviewed the sources,ecological effects,analysis methods and pollution prevention of microplastics in soil,so as to more comprehensively understand the current status of microplastic pollution in soil and its potential ecological and environmental risks.Plastic packaging waste,broken agricultural mulch film,and atmospheric deposition are the main sources of microplastics in soil.Microplastics can adsorb heavy metals and organics in the soil,and act as carriers of other pollutants that endanger the health of the ecological environment.They will gradually accumulate along the food chain,thereby affecting human health.The microplastics in the soil can be separated by sieving and drying by density separation method,pressurized fluid extraction method,petroleum extraction method,etc.,and the organic matter in the soil can be removed by digestion.Microplastics in the soil can be identified and characterized by visual inspection,infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,etc.In addition,according to the ecological effects of soil microplastics,pollution control measures and future research directions were proposed.