三明市大气污染物排放特征研究

通过实地调查和统计获得区县尺度排放源活动水平数据,采用物料衡算法和排放因子法,估算三明市2015年大气污染物排放清单,选取经纬度坐标、路网、土地类型和人口等数据作为权重因子,利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术建立1km×1km高精度网格,分析各类排放源污染排放的数值和空间特征。结果显示,2015年三明市SO2、NOx、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、PM10、PM2.5和NH3的排放总量分别为5.22×10^4、5.80×10^4、1.88×10^5、7.92×10^4、3.23×10^4、2.26×10^4 t。污染贡献方面:工业源是SO2的排放主要来源;NOx的主要排放源为工业源和移动源;天然源对VOCs排放有显著贡献;工业源和扬尘源是PM10和PM2.5的主要贡献源;NH3排放主要来自农业源。空间分布方面:SO2、NOx、PM2.5和PM10的排放主要集中在城镇化程度高的永安市和梅列区,VOCs与NH3排放则与植被分布和农业生产水平密切相关。与2007年和2009年三明市的排放清单对比,发现工业排放控制政策及秸秆禁烧令的实施对PM2.5、PM10和VOCs的减排有明显效果。

Characteristic of air pollutant emission in Sanming,China

Mass balance and emission factor approaches were utilized to develop a 2015-based air pollutant emission inventory with field survey and statistic data analysis to get available activity data at a county level in Sanming.An 1 km× 1 km high precision grid was established by using Geographic Information System(GIS)technology and the spatial characteristics of pollutant emission were investigated by analyzing the latitude,longitude,road,network,land use type and population density etc.Results showed that total SO2,NOx,VOCs,PM10,PM2.5 and NH3 emissions of this region in 2015 were about 5.22×10^4,5.80×10^4,1.88×10^5,7.92×10^4,3.23×10^4 and 2.26×10^4 t.Industrial production was the largest SO2 contributor,and it was also derived NOx emission together with mobile sources.VOCs emission was dominated by natural sources.Industrial production and fugitive dust were the two largest contributors for PM10 and PM2.5 emissions.NH3 emission was mainly from agricultural source.Emissions of SO2,NOx,PM10 and PM2.5 were concentrated in high urbanization level area such as Meilie and Yong’an.Vegetation distribution and agricultural production were closely related to the emissions of VOCs and NH3,respectively.Comparing with air pollutant emission inventory of former year(2007 and 2009),it was found that implementation of industrial emissions control policies and ban on straw burning made obvious effects on reduction of PM2.5,PM10 and VOCs emissions.