中国突发性水污染风险评估与预警系统研究进展

突发性水污染风险评估与预警系统已成为辅助环境管理和应急决策的重要支撑工具,是水环境领域的研究热点。综述了中国突发性水污染风险评估与预警系统的现状及发展趋势。归纳出突发性水污染风险评估与预警系统应具备污染源管理、水环境质量管理、风险评估、风险监控预警以及应急决策响应等一套完整的核心功能模块。通过融合遥感遥测技术、计算机技术、网络技术、地理信息系统(GIS)技术、环境信息技术和云智能等现代技术,中国构建了适用于不同水体、不同资料条件和具有不同功能的突发性水污染风险评估与预警系统,相关技术和系统的应用处于世界先进水平。未来的突发性水污染风险评估与预警系统将进一步拓展风险溯源功能,并全面实现实时化、自动化、智能化和业务化。

Research progress of risk assessment and warning system for sudden water pollution in China

Risk assessment and warning system for sudden water pollution(RSEWS)has become an important tool for support environmental management and emergency decision-making,which is a research hotspot in the field of water environment.This paper reviewed the current situation of the systems’construction and research progress in China.A complete core set of RSEWS should include several modules:pollution source management,water environmental quality management,risk assessment,environmental risk monitoring and warning,and emergency response decision-making.Combined with remote sensing telemetry technology,computer technology,network technology,geographic information system(GIS)technology,environmental information technology and cloud intelligence,RSEWS with different funtions for different water bodies and different data conditions had constructed in China.The related technologies and systems were at the advanced level all over the world.The risk traceability function would be improved in the future RSEWS,whose tendency would fully oriented towards to the direction of real-time working,automation,intelligentization and operation.