全国地级及以上城市建成区黑臭水体的分布、存在问题及对策建议

从全国地级及以上城市、36个重点城市(直辖市、省会城市、计划单列市)和长江经济带地级及以上城市3个层面对我国城市建成区黑臭水体分布现状进行了统计分析。结果表明，截至2017年10月，全国地级及以上城市建成区黑臭水体共计2 100个，其中：66.2%为轻度黑臭；60%分布在广东、安徽、湖南、山东、江苏、湖北、河南和四川8省；36个重点城市的黑臭水体一半以上分布在广州、深圳、长春、上海和北京5市。通过全国30个省(自治区、直辖市)共计70个地级及以上城市的993个黑臭水体的现场督查结果可知，黑臭水体治理中存在的主要问题为控源截污不到位、垃圾收集转运处理处置措施不到位、内源污染未得到有效解决。针对治理中的主要问题从顶层设计、管网建设、底泥治理等方面提出了对策建议，为后期黑臭水体的治理提供指导。

Nationwide distribution,problems, countermeasure proposals of black and odorous water bodies in built-up area of cities at prefecture level or above in China

The distribution of black and odorous water bodies in urbanized built-up area of China were analyzed from three levels: nationwide cities at prefecture level and above; 36 key cities (municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capital cities and cities with independent planning) and cities at prefecture level and above in Yangtze river economic belt. The results showed that there were 2 100 black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas of cities at prefecture level and above in China by October, 2017, 66.2% of which were mild black-odorous ones, 60% of which were distributed in the following 8 provinces: Guangdong, Anhui, Hunan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan and Sichuan. More than half of the black and odorous water bodies in 36 key cities were in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changchun, Shanghai and Beijing. Through the on-site inspection results for 993 black-odorous water bodies in 70 cities at prefecture level and above of 30 provinces (province, autonomous region) in our country, the main problems of the governance of black-odorous water bodies were as follows: unfulfillment of source control and pollution interception, unfulfillment of the measures for garbage collection, transportation, treatment and disposal, and not effectively resolving endogenous pollution. Based upon those main problems, countermeasure proposals were put forward from the aspects of top-level design, pipe network construction and sediment treatment so as to provide guidance for the further governance of black and odorous water bodies.