水葫芦压滤脱水与鲜汁强化除磷工艺

就地对水葫芦进行粉碎压滤能有效减少质量和体积，降低处置难度，减少运输成本。针对水葫芦鲜渣含水率高，鲜汁污染物浓度高的问题，研究不同压滤时间、压力和调理剂的添加对压滤后鲜渣的含水率的影响；同时采用化学混凝法研究不同混凝剂、pH和混凝时间以及CaO的添加对鲜汁中COD和TP的去除效果的影响。结果表明：鲜渣含水率随着压滤压力、时间的增加而降低，8 MPa压力条件下鲜渣含水率为66.35%，添加鲜货质量10%的木屑和CaO能使含水率降为46.17%和40.21%，加快鲜渣脱水速度；FeCl3、Al2(SO4)3和PAC等3种混凝剂均能有效去除鲜汁中COD和TP，去除率分别可达80%以上和85%以上，进一步添加CaO能强化TP的去除效果，去除率可达96%以上；水葫芦压滤脱水和鲜汁预处理工艺为水葫芦处置提供了一种新的途径。

Process of mechanical dewatering of water hyacinth and enhanced phosphorus removal from its fresh juice

Crushing and squeezing water hyacinth on site can effectively decrease its mass and volume, reduce its disposal difficulty and transportation cost. In view of the high water content of the water hyacinth residue and high contaminant content of fresh juice, the influences of pressing time, pressure and conditioners on the water content of fresh residue after pressure filtering were studied. At the same time, the effects of coagulants, pH, coagulation time and CaO addition on the COD and TP removal from fresh juice were studied when chemical coagulation was used. The results showed that the water content of fresh residue decreased with the increase of pressure and time. The water content of fresh residue under 8 MPa pressure was 66.35%, adding sawdust or CaO with a quality of 10% of water hyacinth could reduce water content to 46.17% and 40.21%, respectively, and accelerate the dewatering rate of water hyacinth. Coagulation with FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3 or PAC could effectively remove COD and TP from fresh juice, and the removal rate can reach above 80% and above 85%, respectively. Further, CaO addition could enhance the removal of TP with the removal rate of above 96%. The process of water hyacinth dewatering and its fresh juice pretreatment provides a new way for water hyacinth treatment.