土壤/沉积物中重金属生物有效性和生物可利用性的研究进展

土壤/沉积物中重金属的污染问题越来越引起重视，而重金属在环境中的生态风险与其生物可利用性和生物有效性密切相关。在总结国内外研究的基础上，明确了重金属生物有效性和生物可利用性的定义；概述了用于研究土壤/沉积物中重金属生物有效性的生物模型(小鼠、猪、兔子等)；总结了用于研究土壤/沉积物中重金属生物可利用性的几种体外方法，包括模拟人类肠胃消化(PBET、SBRC、UBM等)和底栖生物消化；分析了土壤/沉积物中重金属生物有效性和生物可利用性的关键影响因素(土壤/沉积物理化性质和分析方法)。提出了未来土壤/沉积物中重金属生物有效性和生物可利用性的研究方向，以期为重金属生态风险的评价和控制提供参考。

Research progress of bioavailability and bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soil or sediment

Heavy metal pollution of soil/sediment has attracted increasing attention, and heavy metal risk in the environment is closely related to their bioavailability and bioaccessibility. Based on the previous work, this paper clarified the definition of heavy metal bioavailability and bioaccessibility, summarized several animal models (mice, pigs, rabbits, etc.) for assessing heavy metal bioavailability and in vitro digestion models of simulating human stomach (PBET, SBRC, UBM, etc.) or benthon digestion for assessing heavy metal bioaccessibility in soil/sediment, analyzed the key factors (physico-chemical properties of soil/sediment and analysis methods) affecting their bioavailability and bioaccessibility. This study also pointed out the suggestion for future research directions, aiming at providing support for risk assessment and control of heavy metals in soil/sediment.