纤维种类对纤维束过滤器除尘性能的影响

为了探究聚丙烯腈纤维、玻璃纤维和聚丙烯纤维3种纤维对纤维束过滤器除尘性能的影响，以路面扬尘为研究对象，在入口颗粒物浓度0.58 g·m-3、风速1.0 m·s-1、流量63.62 m3·h-1、纤维填充率0.67%的条件下，研究不同过滤单元材质(聚丙烯腈纤维、玻璃纤维和聚丙烯纤维)除尘效率和压降的变化情况。结果表明，3种材质中聚丙烯腈纤维束除尘性能最好，除尘效率为70%~80%，其除尘效率比聚丙烯纤维束整体高20%。通过过滤介质表面电荷密度测定发现，在实验过程中，3种纤维表面都存在电荷，且聚丙烯腈纤维电荷密度>玻璃纤维电荷密度>聚丙烯纤维电荷密度。通过SEM检测发现，粉尘颗粒以静电吸附和纤维间填充2种方式赋存于过滤器内部，这表明纤维束过滤器除尘机理为静电作用和机械拦截作用的联合。

Effect of fiber type on dust removal performance of fiber bundle filters

In order to study the effect of filter materials on the dust removal performance of fiber bundle filter,road dust was taken as a removal object, polyacrylonitrile fiber, glass fiber and polypropylene fiber were used in the filters with 0.67% fiber filling rate, respectively. Then the dust collection efficiency and pressure drop of these filters were studied under the conditions of inlet particle concentration of 0.58 g·m-3, air flow speed of 1.0 m·s-1, air flow rate of 63.62 m3·h-1.The surface charge density of the fiber was determined by an electrostatic charge tester,and the dust occurrence in the fiber bundle was recorded by a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the polyacrylonitrile fiber bundle had the best dust removal performance among the three materials, its dust removal efficiency was 70%~80% and 20% higher than that of the polypropylene fiber bundle. The surface charge density of the filter media indicated that three fibers had surface charges, and the surface charge density order was polyacrylonitrile > glass > polypropylene. Through SEM observation, the dust particles existed in the filter by electrostatic adsorption and filling in fibers, which implied that the dust removal mechanism of fiber bundle filter was the combination of electrostatic interaction and mechanical interception.