我国鸟类特有种地理分布与气候要素关系的初步分析

分析了我国鸟类特有种与气候要素的关系. 结果表明:我国鸟类特有种中，分布区狭窄的有63种，分布区广泛的有8种，其中呈不连续分布的有38种，连续分布的有33种，留鸟有67种，候鸟有4种；大部分地区鸟类特有种丰富度较低，但在青海东南部、四川中部和西北部、甘肃南部等地区的丰富度较高；在93°E~121°E或26°N~39°N范围内鸟类特有种丰富度较高. 我国鸟类特有种分布受气候因素限制，年均气温过高或过低、年降水量过高或过低、过于干燥、辐照日数过长或过短等都将使鸟类特有种减少. 鸟类特有种的适宜气候可分为低温干燥、较高温湿度、高温高湿和中等温湿度等类型，但以低温干燥和中等温湿度型为主. 鸟类特有种丰富度与各气候要素相关系数较低，气候要素下丰富度变化呈抛物线型趋势，其中在年均气温为1~18 ℃，年降水量为500~1 300 mm的范围内丰富度较高. 

Relationship between Geographic Distribution of Endemic Birds and Climatic Factors in China

The relationship between endemic birds of China and climatic factors was analyzed.The results show that there are 8 wide distribution and 63 stenotopic distribution endemic bird species in China.There are 33 continuous distribution and 38 discontinuous distribution endemic bird species,and 67 resident and 4 migrant bird species in China.The number of endemic bird species is low in most parts of China,although it is higher in the central and northwestern regions of Sichuan Province,the southern region of Gansu Province,and the southeastern region of Qinghai Province.The number of species is higher in the 93°E-121°E or 26°N-39°N regions of China.The distribution of endemic birds in China is restricted by climatic factors.The numbers of species is low in locations where the air temperature is too high or too low,precipitation is too high or too low,relative humidity is too low,or solar exposure time is too long or too short.According to climatic factors,the suitable types of endemic birds in China can be divided into those suitable for low temperatures and low relative humidity,higher temperatures and higher relative humidity,highest temperatures and highest relative humidity,and medium temperatures and medium relative humidity.Most endemic bird species in China are suitable for low temperatures and low relative humidity,and medium temperatures and medium humidity.The correlation coefficients between the abundance of endemic birds in China and climatic factors are low,and the changing of abundance shows a parabolic type under different climatic factors.The abundance is higher under conditions of air temperature 1-18 ℃ or annual precipitation 500-1300 mm.