Waste management in Copenhagen: Principles and trends |
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| Institution: | 1. Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;2. Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;1. Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.08, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;1. Faculty of Geoscience and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;3. Yolo County Planning & Public Works Department, Division of Integrated Waste Management, Woodland, CA 95776, USA;4. Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;5. Now at Terra Pacific Group, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;6. Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;7. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;1. School of Mechanical and Construction, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, India;1. Department of Cardiology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan;2. Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;3. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;4. Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;5. Department of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Aichi, Japan;6. Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi-Gakuin School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The increase in volumes of waste, and the difficulties of finding suitable locations for landfill sites within the borders of Copenhagen municipality, along with the need for treatment of oil and chemical waste, resulted in the erection in the early 1970s of two large waste-to-energy plants and a large centralized plant for the treatment of oil and chemical waste. Ten years later, however, it became evident that the then structure was not sufficient to face rapidly emerging problems. A number of pollution cases in Denmark which emerged during the early 1980s, proved that oil and chemical waste was being transported illegally to landfills instead of being disposed of in compliance with the obligatory system, thus becoming a threat to groundwater and drinking water supplies in Copenhagen. At the same time, waste-to-energy plants were facing pollution problems such as the emission of dioxin and large quantities of hydrochloric acid, which contribute to acidification and forest death.As a response to the increasing problems in relation to both waste incineration and deposits, new regulations from the Ministry of the Environment allowed future sanitary landfills to be located only near the coast or in areas documented to be composed of an impermeable layer of clay. New regulation also defined conditions for flue gas cleansing. However, it was clear that pollution problems combined with increases in volumes of waste called for a much firmer administration and a stronger influence on the waste flow. From February 1989 the municipalities have undertaken the obligation to assign all waste producers the means to dispose of their waste. How Copenhagen municipality has solved the problems is discussed. |
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