A characterization of the principal PM-10 species in Claremont (summer) and Long Beach (fall) during SCAQS |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Unit of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Unit of Atmospheric Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Environment and Health Administration, Box 8136, 104 20 Stockholm, Sweden;1. School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3100, Australia;2. School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia;3. ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia;4. CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia;5. Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia;6. CSIRO Mineral Resources, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia;1. Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece;2. Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Demokrition University of Thrace, GR-68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece |
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| Abstract: | As part of the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS), General Motors Research Laboratories made comprehensive air quality measurements during the summer of 1987 in Claremont, CA, and during the fall of 1987 in Long Beach, CA. These locations are typically in the areas of highest pollution for the respective seasons. Claremont's air quality during the summer was characterized by high concentrations of photochemically produced pollutants including ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3), particulate nitrate (NO3−) and particulate organic carbon (OC). The highest concentrations of these species were experienced during the daytime sampling period (0600–1800 h) and were associated with transport from the western part of the basin. Long Beach's air quality during the fall was characterized by frequent periods of air stagnation that resulted in high concentrations of primary pollutants including PM-10, OC and elemental carbon (EC) as well as particulate NO3−. Night-time levels of most constituents exceeded daytime levels due to poorer night-time dispersion conditions. At Claremont, OC and NO3− compounds account for 52% of the PM-10 while at Long Beach they account for 67% of the PM-10. On the average, there appears to be sufficient particulate ammonium (NH4+) to completely neutralize the nitrate and acidic sulfates. Significant artifact OC was detected and corrected for at both sites. At Claremont the artifact accounted for 21% of the uncorrected OC mass and 13% at Long Beach. Because of NO3− and NH4+ losses on Teflon filters, the measured PM-10 and fine particulate mass (FPM) had to be corrected. This correction amounted to increasing the average measured FPM and PM-10 by 17 and 12%, respectively, at Claremont, and 8 and 6%, respectively, at Long Beach. |
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