Hydrochloric acid: A regional perspective on concentrations and formation in the atmosphere of Southern California |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones (CITEDEF- UNIDEF-CONICET), J.B. de La Salle 4397 (B1603ALO), Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Casilla de Correo 16, Sucursal 4, La Plata (1900), Argentina;1. Department of Laboratory Services, Division of Medical Services, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden;2. Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni Saint Camille CERBA/LABIOGENE, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;3. Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden;1. Centre for Crystallography & Computational Chemistry, CRD, PRIST University, Thanjavur 613403, India;2. Dept. of Physics, M.I.E.T. Engineering College, Trichy 620007, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Dept. of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India;4. PG and Research Dept. of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamad College (Autonomous), Trichy 620020, Tamil Nadu, India |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric gaseous hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations and water-soluble species in the aerosol phase were measured at nine sites in Southern California throughout the year 1986. Annual average HCl concentrations measured by the denuder difference method ranged from 0.39 ppb at an offshore island to 1.25 ppb onshore at Hawthorne, California. An ion balance on the aerosol shows that coarse particle chloride begins as sea salt over the ocean and is depleted relative to aerosol sodium with transport inland. Total chloride and sodium balances show that chloride depletion from the aerosol is matched by a comparable increase in gaseous HCl concentrations, consistent with the proposition that acid gas reactions with sea salt are the principal source of gaseous HCl in the Southern California atmosphere. Fine aerosol chloride exceeds fine particle sodium on a number of occasions, particularly at one inland site known for extraordinarily high NH3 levels. There is evidence that coarse aerosol chloride from sea salt is being processed by atmospheric reactions through HCl to form fine aerosol, possibly NH4Cl. |
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